GB/T 34438-2017 in English

VALID

Determination of cadmium in toy materials - Flame atomic absorption spectrometry

Issued on:2017-10-14
Implemented on:2018-05-01
File Format:PDF
Delivery:Via email within 1~3 business days

Price(USD)： $160.00
$156.00

Standard No:	GB/T 34438-2017
Document status:	VALID
Title in English:	Determination of cadmium in toy materials - Flame atomic absorption spectrometry
Title in Chinese:	玩具材料中镉的测定火焰原子吸收光谱法
Language:	English
File Format:	Electronic (PDF)
Delivery:	Via email within 1~3 business days
Issued on:	2017-10-14
Implemented on:	2018-05-01
Chinese Classification:	Y57-Toys
Professional Classification:	GB-National Standard
Related Keywords:	flame atomic absorption spectrometry toy materials gb/t atomic absorption spectrometry flame atomic absorption spectrometer toy materials
Related Topics:	Seawater Atomic Absorption Cadmium Flame Atomic Fluorescent Cadmium Flame Atomic Instruments absorbance of the material Material Extinction Spectrum flame atomic selenium Material Absorption Spectrum Flame atomic absorption spectrometer Cadmium atomic conditions Material absorbance Material absorbance Atomic Absorption Photometer Cadmium Flame Class II materials in toy testing Determination of Potassium and Sodium in Water by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry in an atomic absorption spectrometer Determination of Cadmium by Flame Atomic Fluorescence Material spectrometer light absorbing material The principle of measuring cadmium Material spectrometer Cadmium Absorption Wavelength Acetylene flame atomic absorption spectrometer Determination of Material Absorption Coefficient The ultraviolet absorption spectrum of cadmium ion Cadmium Phosphate Flame Photometry Cadmium Curve material spectrometer Indirect Determination of Trace Indium in Pigment by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Acid Extraction in Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy Determination of chromium and Cadmium single atom Acetylene gas for atomic absorption flames atomic carbon material Elemental Flame Spectrum Determination of Migratable Arsenic in Toy Materials by Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry fire absorption Determination flame of aluminum in water Atomic Cadmium Range Absorption by atomic absorption spectrometer toy material Middle peak of carbon material spectrum Flame Atomic Experiment Determination of Cadmium in Water by Flame Atomic Absorption Pigment Absorption Spectrum Cadmium by Flame Atomic Absorption Determination of Molybdenum in Steel by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Spectrum of each material Determination flame of aluminum in water atomic flame temperature non-absorbent material Flame atomic absorption spectrometry arsenic Determination of Potassium in Water by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Material absorbs light Spectral Carbon Materials Premium Flame AA What is flame atom for? 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《GB/T 34438-2017玩具材料中镉的测定火焰原子吸收光谱法》由TC253（全国玩具标准化技术委员会）归口，主管部门为中国轻工业联合会。

Introduction

GB/T 34438—2017 Interpretation and Application of Standards

Analysis of Standard Background and Technology Evolution

GB/T 34438—2017 "Determination of Cadmium in Toy Materials by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry" is an important standard formulated for material safety in the toy industry. With the rapid development of the toy industry, flame atomic absorption spectrometer, as a key detection tool, is increasingly widely used. The background of the formulation of this standard is mainly based on the following points:

Protecting children's health: Cadmium is a toxic heavy metal, and long-term exposure may cause serious health hazards to children.
International integration: Refer to the toy safety standards of the European Union, the United States, etc. to enhance the international market competitiveness of my country's toy industry.
Technological progress: Flame atomic absorption spectrometry, as an efficient and sensitive detection method, is becoming increasingly mature in the determination of cadmium content in toy materials.

Standard Framework Comparison Table

Standard Dimensions	GB/T 34438—2017	International Reference Standard	Difference Analysis
Scope of Application	Determination of cadmium in toy materials, including coatings, plastics, textiles, etc.	ISO 8373: Safety Assessment of Toy Materials	GB/T 34438 is more specific, targeting the quantitative detection of cadmium.
Method principle	Flame atomic absorption spectrometry (external standard method)	ICP-MS or XRF technology	GB/T 34438 adopts the traditional flame method, which is suitable for small and medium batch testing.
Reagent requirements	Super pure nitric acid, sulfuric acid, etc.	High purity reagents	GB/T 34438 has more flexible requirements on reagent purity.

Interpretation of Instrument and Reagent Specifications

Instrument Configuration:

Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometer: Core detection equipment, which must meet the measurement requirements of a wavelength of 228.8 nm.
Microwave Digestion Instrument and Electric Heating Plate: Used for sample pretreatment to ensure complete digestion of the sample.

Reagent Requirements:

Nitric acid, sulfuric acid, etc. are all of high purity and must comply with the preparation requirements of GB/T 602 standard.
Cadmium standard solution: The concentration ratio is strict and must be traced back to the national measurement standard.

Analysis steps and quality control

The analysis steps of this standard include three main links: sample preparation, digestion treatment and instrumental determination:

Sample preparation:Prepare separately according to the material type (coating, plastic, etc.) to ensure that the sample particle size is uniform.
Digestion treatment:Use electric heating plate or microwave digestion method to ensure that the sample is completely dissolved and non-metallic impurities are removed.
Instrumental determination:Use flame atomic absorption spectrometer to measure the absorbance at 228.8 nm, and calculate the cadmium content after establishing a standard curve.

Quality control measures:

Blank test: Ensure the purity of reagents and the pollution-free experimental environment.
Standard curve verification: The linear correlation coefficient r should be ≥0.995 to ensure the accuracy of the determination.
Repeatability and reproducibility analysis: Refer to Appendix B data to ensure the reliability of the method.

Implementation suggestions

To ensure the effective implementation of the standard, it is recommended:

Laboratory capabilities: Equipped with professional technicians and equipment, and regular calibration of instruments.
Sample management: Establish a standardized process for sample reception, preparation and storage.
Data recording: Adopt an electronic recording system to ensure data traceability.

Summary

GB/T 34438—2017 "Determination of Cadmium in Toy Materials by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry" provides a scientific and standardized detection method for the toy industry. By rationally configuring instruments and reagents and strictly controlling the experimental process, the safety of toy products can be effectively guaranteed, and the healthy growth of children can be safeguarded.

More samples: GB 50021-2001(2009) QC/T 942-2021 DL/T 368-2010

Sample only — not a preview of GB/T 34438-2017