GB/T 42144-2022 in English
VALIDCalculation of doses to the public from discharge of effluents from reactor
- Issued on:2022-12-30
- Implemented on:2023-07-01
- File Format:PDF
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《GB/T 42144-2022反应堆流出物排放所致公众剂量的估算方法》由TC58（全国核能标准化技术委员会）归口，TC58SC2（全国核能标准化技术委员会辐射防护分会）执行，主管部门为国家标准委。
Introduction
Analysis of the core content of the standard
GB/T42144-2022 is my country's first national standard specifically for estimating public doses caused by reactor effluent emissions. It stipulates dose calculation methods for 9 exposure pathways including gaseous effluents (air immersion, ground deposition, inhalation, ingestion) and liquid effluents (water body irradiation, sediment irradiation, ingestion of aquatic products, etc.).
Key technical framework
| Irradiation type | Calculation formula | Key parameters |
|---|---|---|
| Air immersion external irradiation | Ea=Oa·STF·∑(Ca,i·DFa,i) | Atmospheric dispersion factor (χ/Q), emission rate (Qa,i) |
| Shore sediment irradiation | Ess=Oss·W·∑(Css,i·DFgr,i) | Correction factor for shore width (W), sedimentation time (tgr) |
| Internal exposure by ingestion | Eing=∑(Cq,i·Hq)·DFing,i | Bioaccumulation factor (Bq,i), consumption (Hq) |
Key elements for dose calculation
1. Age group differences: The standard divides the public into four groups: adults, adolescents, children and infants. The dose conversion factors of different groups are significantly different. For example, the dose conversion factor of tritium (H-3) ingestion is 3.6 times that of the infant group (6.4×10-11 Sv/Bq) of the adult group (1.8×10-11 Sv/Bq). 2. Multi-path superposition: It is required to perform vector superposition on various irradiation pathways, especially for multi-reactor sites, and the synergistic effect of emissions from different units needs to be considered. Calculation formula: Etotal=Eext+Ein=∑(Ea+Egr+Ew+Ess)+∑(Einh+Eing)
3. Environmental medium model:Appendix A gives detailed activity concentration calculation models for 12 types of environmental media, including:
- Atmospheric activity concentration: considering dry/wet deposition and radioactive decay correction (Formula A.2-A.4)
- Aquatic product activity concentration: introducing equilibrium bioaccumulation factor (Bq,i) and migration time (tq)
- Soil-crop transfer: using concentration transfer factor (FLi) to quantify nuclide migration
Recommendations for the implementation of the standard
1. Data quality requirements: Site characteristic parameters (such as atmospheric dispersion factor, food consumption, etc.) should use local measured data. When data is lacking, the recommended values in the standard appendix can be used as a reference, but the source must be indicated.
2. Verification of calculation tools: It is recommended to use dose calculation software approved by CNSC (such as PC-CREAM, ARD, etc.) and verify the following key links:
- Integrity of multi-nuclide superposition calculation
- Correct calling of age grouping parameters
- Applicability of liquid effluent shore width correction factor (W)
3. Uncertainty management: The following sources of uncertainty should be identified:
| Source type | Typical range | Control measures |
|---|---|---|
| Dose conversion factor | ±30%（ICRP144） | Use the latest ICRP publication data |
| Biological accumulation factor | 1-3 orders of magnitude | Carry out sampling and analysis of local aquatic products |
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