Fatigue standard specimen

Fatigue standard specimen, Total:248 items.

The international standard classification for "Fatigue standard specimen" includes: Mechanical testing of metals , Mechanical testing , Pressure vessels, gas cylinders , Powder metallurgy .

The Chinese standard classification for "Fatigue standard specimen" includes: Metal mechanical property test method , Metal material testing machine , Pressure vessel , Metal physical property test method .

National Metrological Technical Specifications of the People's Republic of China

JJF 1315.1-2011 Program of Pattern Evaluation for Fatigue Testing Machines-Part 1:Axial Force-applied Fatingue Testing Machines
JJF(机械) 024-2008 Calibration specification for elastic element fatigue testing machine
JJF(石化) 024-2019 Calibration specification for wheel radial fatigue testing machine
JJF(机械) 1020-2018 Specification for Calibration of Rotary Fatigue Testing Machines
JJF(石化)025-2019 Calibration Specification for Wheels Bending Fatigue Testing Machine
JJF(石化) 025-2019 Calibration Specification for Wheels Bending Fatigue Testing Machine
JJF(石化)024-2019 Calibration Specification for Wheels Radial Fatigue Testing Machine
JJF(机械)1020-2018 Specification for Calibration of Rotary Fatigue Testing Machines

中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局、中国国家标准化管理委员会

GB/T 33812-2017 Metallic material—Fatigue testing—Strain-controlled thermomechanical fatigue testing method
GB/T 6398-2017 Metallic materials--Fatigue testing--Fatigue crack growth method

General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China

GB/T 9252-2001 Method for cycling test of gas cylinders
GB/T 25917-2010 Axial force-applied fatigue testing machines dynamic force calibration
GB/T 43896-2024 Metallic materials—Very high cycle fatigue—Ultrasonic fatigue test method
GB/Z 40387-2021 Metallic materials—Principles and designs for multiaxial fatigue testing

国家市场监督管理总局、中国国家标准化管理委员会

GB/T 41155-2021 Sintered metal materials,excluding hardmetals—Fatigue test pieces
GB/T 41154-2021 Metallic materials—Multiaxial fatigue testing—Axial-torsional strain-controlled thermo-mechanical fatigue testing method

National Metrological Verification Regulations of the People's Republic of China

JJG 1136-2017 Verification Regulation for Torsional Fatigue Testing Machines

Professional Standard - Machinery

JB/T 8286-1999 Axial load fatigue testing machines dynamic force calibration
JB/T 5488-2015 High-frequency fatigue testing machines
JB/T 5488-1991 High-frequency Fatigue Tester

Group Standards of the People's Republic of China

T/GDKJ 0070-2024 Method of Calibration for Reducer fatigue life test bench

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

ASTM D6588-02 Standard Test Method for Fatigue of Tire Cords (Disc Fatigue Test)
ASTM D6588/D6588M-10 Standard Test Method for Fatigue of Tire Cords (Disc Fatigue Test)
ASTM D6588/D6588M-11(2016) Standard Test Method for Fatigue of Tire Cords (Disc Fatigue Test)
ASTM D6588/D6588M-11 Standard Test Method for Fatigue of Tire Cords (Disc Fatigue Test)
ASTM D6588/D6588M-10a Standard Test Method for Fatigue of Tire Cords (Disc Fatigue Test)
ASTM E2789-10(2015) Standard Guide for Fretting Fatigue Testing
ASTM E2789-10 Standard Guide for Fretting Fatigue Testing
ASTM E2789-10(2021) Standard Guide for Fretting Fatigue Testing
ASTM E2714-13(2020) Standard Test Method for Creep-Fatigue Testing
ASTM E2714-09 Standard Test Method for Creep-Fatigue Testing
ASTM E2714-13 Standard Test Method for Creep-Fatigue Testing
ASTM E2714-09e1 Standard Test Method for Creep-Fatigue Testing
ASTM E1823-24c Standard Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Testing
ASTM E1823-24b Standard Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Testing
ASTM E1823-07a Standard Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Testing
ASTM E606-92(1998) Standard Practice for Strain-Controlled Fatigue Testing
ASTM E606/E606M-19 Standard Test Method for Strain-Controlled Fatigue Testing
ASTM E606/E606M-19e1 Standard Test Method for Strain-Controlled Fatigue Testing
ASTM E606/E606M-12 Standard Test Method for Strain-Controlled Fatigue Testing
ASTM E1823-10a Standard Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Testing
ASTM E1823-05a Standard Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Testing
ASTM E1823-11 Standard Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Testing
ASTM E1823-12b Standard Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Testing
ASTM E1823-05 Standard Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Testing
ASTM E1823-20 Standard Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Testing
ASTM E1823-20b Standard Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Testing
ASTM E1823-09b Standard Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Testing
ASTM E1823-20a Standard Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Testing
ASTM E606/E606M-21 Standard Test Method for Strain-Controlled Fatigue Testing
ASTM E1823-96(2002) Standard Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Testing
ASTM E1823-12a Standard Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Testing
ASTM E1823-09 Standard Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Testing
ASTM E1823-10 Standard Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Testing
ASTM E1823-12d Standard Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Testing
ASTM E1823-05ae1 Standard Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Testing
ASTM E1823-12e Standard Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Testing
ASTM E1823-09a Standard Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Testing
ASTM E1823-07 Standard Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Testing
ASTM E1823-12c Standard Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Testing
ASTM E1823-96e1 Standard Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Testing
ASTM C394-00 Standard Test Method for Shear Fatigue of Sandwich Core Materials
ASTM E2368-04 Standard Practice for Strain Controlled Thermomechanical Fatigue Testing
ASTM D7791-17 Standard Test Method for Uniaxial Fatigue Properties of Plastics
ASTM D8237-18 Standard Test Method for Determining Fatigue Failure of Asphalt-Aggregate Mixtures With the Four-Point Beam Fatigue Device
ASTM D7774-12 Standard Test Method for Flexural Fatigue Properties of Plastics
ASTM C394/C394M-16(2024) Standard Test Method for Shear Fatigue of Sandwich Core Materials
ASTM D8237-21 Standard Test Method for Determining Fatigue Failure of Asphalt-Aggregate Mixtures with the Four-Point Beam Fatigue Device
ASTM D430-06 Standard Test Methods for Rubber Deterioration-Dynamic Fatigue
ASTM E606-04e1 Standard Practice for Strain-Controlled Fatigue Testing
ASTM E606-80 Standard Recommended Practice for Constant-Amplitude Low-Cycle Fatigue Testing
ASTM C394/C394M-13 Standard Test Method for Shear Fatigue of Sandwich Core Materials
ASTM E1823-12 Standard Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Testing
ASTM D7774-17 Standard Test Method for Flexural Fatigue Properties of Plastics
ASTM E1823-24a Standard Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Testing
ASTM E606-92(2004)e1 Standard Practice for Strain-Controlled Fatigue Testing
ASTM D7791-12 Standard Test Method for Uniaxial Fatigue Properties of Plastics
ASTM D430-06(2012) Standard Test Methods for Rubber Deteriorationmdash;Dynamic Fatigue
ASTM D430-06e1 Standard Test Methods for Rubber Deterioration-Dynamic Fatigue
ASTM D7774-22 Standard Test Method for Flexural Fatigue Properties of Plastics
ASTM D7791-22 Standard Test Method for Uniaxial Fatigue Properties of Plastics
ASTM E1823-23 Standard Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Testing
ASTM D7774-11 Standard Test Method for Flexural Fatigue Properties of Plastics
ASTM E1823-21 Standard Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Testing
ASTM E2760-10e2 Standard Test Method for Creep-Fatigue Crack Growth Testing
ASTM E2760-19e1 Standard Test Method for Creep-Fatigue Crack Growth Testing
ASTM E2760-19e3 Standard Test Method for Creep-Fatigue Crack Growth Testing
ASTM E606-04 Standard Practice for Strain-Controlled Fatigue Testing
ASTM E1823-13 Standard Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Testing
ASTM C394/C394M-16 Standard Test Method for Shear Fatigue of Sandwich Core Materials
ASTM E2760-19e2 Standard Test Method for Creep-Fatigue Crack Growth Testing
ASTM E2760-10 Standard Test Method for Creep-Fatigue Crack Growth Testing
ASTM E2760-16 Standard Test Method for Creep-Fatigue Crack Growth Testing
ASTM E647-95 Standard Test Method for Measurement of Fatigue Crack Growth Rates
ASTM D430-06(2018) Standard Test Methods for Rubber Deterioration—Dynamic Fatigue
ASTM C394-00(2008) Standard Test Method for Shear Fatigue of Sandwich Core Materials
ASTM E647-99 Standard Test Method for Measurement of Fatigue Crack Growth Rates
ASTM E2760-10e1 Standard Test Method for Creep-Fatigue Crack Growth Testing
ASTM E2760-19 Standard Test Method for Creep-Fatigue Crack Growth Testing
ASTM E2207-15(2021) Standard Practice for Strain-Controlled Axial-Torsional Fatigue Testing with Thin-Walled Tubular Specimens
ASTM F1801-20 Standard Practice for Corrosion Fatigue Testing of Metallic Implant Materials
ASTM E647-12 Standard Test Method for Measurement of Fatigue Crack Growth Rates
ASTM F1801-97(2014) Standard Practice for Corrosion Fatigue Testing of Metallic Implant Materials
ASTM E2207-15 Standard Practice for Strain-Controlled Axial-Torsional Fatigue Testing with Thin-Walled Tubular Specimens
ASTM E647-23b Standard Test Method for Measurement of Fatigue Crack Growth Rates
ASTM E647-23a Standard Test Method for Measurement of Fatigue Crack Growth Rates
ASTM E647-11 Standard Test Method for Measurement of Fatigue Crack Growth Rates
ASTM F1801-97(2009)e1 Standard Practice for Corrosion Fatigue Testing of Metallic Implant Materials
ASTM E647-05 Standard Test Method for Measurement of Fatigue Crack Growth Rates
ASTM E647-15e1 Standard Test Method for Measurement of Fatigue Crack Growth Rates
ASTM E647-13 Standard Test Method for Measurement of Fatigue Crack Growth Rates
ASTM E647-13e1 Standard Test Method for Measurement of Fatigue Crack Growth Rates
ASTM E2368-24 Standard Practice for Strain Controlled Thermomechanical Fatigue Testing
ASTM E647-13a Standard Test Method for Measurement of Fatigue Crack Growth Rates
ASTM E647-15 Standard Test Method for Measurement of Fatigue Crack Growth Rates
ASTM D4482-11(2021) Standard Test Method for Rubber Property—Extension Cycling Fatigue
ASTM E647-00 Standard Test Method for Measurement of Fatigue Crack Growth Rates
ASTM E647-23 Standard Test Method for Measurement of Fatigue Crack Growth Rates
ASTM E647-08 Standard Test Method for Measurement of Fatigue Crack Growth Rates
ASTM D4482-07 Standard Test Method for Rubber Property-Extension Cycling Fatigue
ASTM E647-22b Standard Test Method for Measurement of Fatigue Crack Growth Rates
ASTM E647-22 Standard Test Method for Measurement of Fatigue Crack Growth Rates
ASTM E647-22a Standard Test Method for Measurement of Fatigue Crack Growth Rates
ASTM D4482-99 Standard Test Method for Rubber Property-Extension Cycling Fatigue
ASTM D4482-06 Standard Test Method for Rubber Property-Extension Cycling Fatigue
ASTM E647-11e1 Standard Test Method for Measurement of Fatigue Crack Growth Rates
ASTM E647-13ae1 Standard Test Method for Measurement of Fatigue Crack Growth Rates
ASTM E647-24 Standard Test Method for Measurement of Fatigue Crack Growth Rates
ASTM RR-E08-1007 2011 E0647-Standard Test Method for Measurement of Fatigue Crack Growth Rates
ASTM E1049-85(1997) Standard Practices for Cycle Counting in Fatigue Analysis
ASTM B593-96 Standard Test Method for Bending Fatigue Testing for Copper-Alloy Spring Materials
ASTM F1801-97(2004) Standard Practice for Corrosion Fatigue Testing of Metallic Implant Materials
ASTM E2368-04e1 Standard Practice for Strain Controlled Thermomechanical Fatigue Testing
ASTM RR-E08-1001 1995 E0647-Standard Test Method for Measurement of Fatigue Crack Growth Rates
ASTM D4482-11(2017) Standard Test Method for Rubber Property—Extension Cycling Fatigue
ASTM F1801-97 Standard Practice for Corrosion Fatigue Testing of Metallic Implant Materials
ASTM B593-96(2003)e1 Standard Test Method for Bending Fatigue Testing for Copper-Alloy Spring Materials
ASTM B593-20 Standard Test Method for Bending Fatigue Testing for Copper-Alloy Spring Materials
ASTM B593-21 Standard Test Method for Bending Fatigue Testing for Copper-Alloy Spring Materials
ASTM E1049-85(2017) Standard Practices for Cycle Counting in Fatigue Analysis
ASTM B593-96(2009)e1 Standard Test Method for Bending Fatigue Testing for Copper-Alloy Spring Materials
ASTM E2948-14 Standard Test Method for Conducting Rotating Bending Fatigue Tests of Solid Round Fine Wire
ASTM B593-96(2003) Standard Test Method for Bending Fatigue Testing for Copper-Alloy Spring Materials
ASTM B593-96(2014)e1 Standard Test Method for Bending Fatigue Testing for Copper-Alloy Spring Materials
ASTM E2368-10 Standard Practice for Strain Controlled Thermomechanical Fatigue Testing
ASTM E2948-22 Standard Test Method for Conducting Rotating Bending Fatigue Tests of Solid Round Fine Wire
ASTM E2948-16a Standard Test Method for Conducting Rotating Bending Fatigue Tests of Solid Round Fine Wire
ASTM E2368-10(2017) Standard Practice for Strain Controlled Thermomechanical Fatigue Testing
ASTM D5311-92(2004)e1 Standard Test Method for Load Controlled Cyclic Triaxial Strength of Soil
ASTM E2948-16 Standard Test Method for Conducting Rotating Bending Fatigue Tests of Solid Round Fine Wire
ASTM F3090-20 Standard Test Method for Fatigue Testing of Acetabular Devices for Total Hip Replacement
ASTM D5311/D5311M-13 Standard Test Method for Load Controlled Cyclic Triaxial Strength of Soil
ASTM E1942-98(2004) Standard Guide for Evaluating Data Acquisition Systems Used in Cyclic Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics Testing
ASTM E468-90(2004) Standard Practice for Presentation of Constant Amplitude Fatigue Test Results for Metallic Materials
ASTM D623-07 Standard Test Methods for Rubber Property8212;Heat Generation and Flexing Fatigue In Compression
ASTM D5311-92(1996) Standard Test Method for Load Controlled Cyclic Triaxial Strength of Soil
ASTM F3210M-22 Standard Test Method for Fatigue Testing of Total Knee Femoral Components Under Closing Conditions
ASTM E1049-85(2005) Standard Practices for Cycle Counting in Fatigue Analysis
ASTM E2948-16e1 Standard Test Method for Conducting Rotating Bending Fatigue Tests of Solid Round Fine Wire

ESDU - Engineering Sciences Data Unit

ESDU 97018 B-2003 Standard fatigue loading sequences.
ESDU 97018 A-1999 STANDARD FATIGUE LOADING SEQUENCES
ESDU 97018-1997 STANDARD FATIGUE LOADING SEQUENCES

BELST

STB 1448-2004 Tribo-fatigue. Wear-fatigue test methods. Mechano-sliding fatigue tests
STB 1233-2000 Tribo-fatigue. Wear-fatigue tests methods. Accelerated mechano-rolling fatigue tests
STB 1758-2007 Tribo-fatigue. Method of combined tests of the toothed gearing materials to contact and bending fatigue

International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

ISO/TR 12998:2019 Mechanical joining — Guidelines for fatigue testing of joints
ISO 12108:2018 Metallic materials - Fatigue testing - Fatigue crack growth method
ISO 12108:2002 Metallic materials - Fatigue testing - Fatigue crack growth method
ISO/TR 12112:2018 Metallic materials — Principles and designs for multiaxial fatigue testing
ISO/TR 14345:2012 Fatigue - Fatigue testing of welded components - Guidance
ISO 12108:2012 Metallic materials - Fatigue testing - Fatigue crack growth method
ISO/CD 23296:2023 Metallic materials – Fatigue testing – Force controlled thermo-mechanical fatigue testing method
ISO 23296:2022 Metallic materials – Fatigue testing – Force controlled thermo-mechanical fatigue testing method
ISO 3928:1999 Sintered metal materials, excluding hardmetals - Fatigue test pieces
ISO 12111:2011 Metallic materials - Fatigue testing - Strain-controlled thermomechanical fatigue testing method
ISO 3928:2016 Sintered metal materials, excluding hardmetals - Fatigue test pieces
ISO 23788:2012 Metallic materials - Verification of the alignment of fatigue testing machines
ISO 4965:1979 Axial load fatigue testing machines; Dynamic force calibration; Strain gauge technique

SCC

BS 3518-4:1963 Methods of fatigue testing-Torsional stress fatigue tests
BS PD ISO/TR 14345:2012 Fatigue. Fatigue testing of welded components. Guidance
ASTM E1823-24 Standard Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Testing
BS ISO 12108:2002 Metallic materials. Fatigue testing. Fatigue crack growth method
UAMA B74.21-2002(R2014) American National Standard Fatigue Proof Test Procedure for Verified Grinding Wheels
10/30197198 DC BS ISO 12108. Metallic materials. Fatigue testing. Fatigue crack growth method
08/30096501 DC BS ISO 12111. Metallic materials. Fatigue testing. Strain-controlled thermomechanical fatigue testing method
BS 3518-1:1962 Methods of fatigue testing-General principles

British Standards Institution (BSI)

PD ISO/TR 14345:2012 Fatigue. Fatigue testing of welded components. Guidance
BS ISO 12108:2012 Metallic materials. Fatigue testing. Fatigue crack growth method
BS ISO 12108:2018 Metallic materials. Fatigue testing. Fatigue crack growth method
BS 3518-3:1963(2009) Methods of Fatigue Testing — Part 3 : Direct stress fatigue tests
BS 3518-3:1963 Methods of fatigue testing - Direct stress fatigue tests
BS ISO 23296:2022 Metallic materials. Fatigue testing. Force controlled thermo-mechanical fatigue testing method
BS 3518-2:1962 Methods of fatigue testing - Rotating bending fatigue tests
BS ISO 12111:2011 Metallic materials. Fatigue testing. Strain-controlled thermomechanical fatigue testing method
21/30381303 DC BS ISO 23296. Metallic materials. Fatigue testing. Force controlled thermo-mechanical fatigue testing method
BS ISO 23788:2012 Metallic materials. Verification of the alignment of fatigue testing machines

GSO

GSO ISO/TR 14345:2021 Fatigue — Fatigue testing of welded components — Guidance
BH GSO ISO/TR 14345:2022 Fatigue — Fatigue testing of welded components — Guidance
OS GSO ISO 12108:2014 Metallic materials -- Fatigue testing -- Fatigue crack growth method
GSO ISO 12108:2014 Metallic materials -- Fatigue testing -- Fatigue crack growth method
GSO ISO 23296:2024 Metallic materials – Fatigue testing – Force controlled thermo-mechanical fatigue testing method
GSO ISO 12111:2013 Metallic materials -- Fatigue testing -- Strain-controlled thermomechanical fatigue testing method
OS GSO ISO 12111:2013 Metallic materials -- Fatigue testing -- Strain-controlled thermomechanical fatigue testing method
OS GSO ISO 23788:2015 Metallic materials -- Verification of the alignment of fatigue testing machines
GSO ASTM F3090:2023 Standard Test Method for Fatigue Testing of Acetabular Devices for Total Hip Replacement
BH GSO ASTM F3090:2023 Standard Test Method for Fatigue Testing of Acetabular Devices for Total Hip Replacement

SE-SIS

SIS SS 11 23 73-1979 Metallic materials — Torsional stress fatigue testing — Design of test pieces
SIS SS 11 23 71-1979 Metallic materials — Uniaxial load fatigue testing — Design of test pieces
SIS SS 11 23 72-1979 Metallic materials — Rotating bar bending fatigue testing — Design of test pieces
MNC 323-1972 Summary of Swedish Standard for testing at elevated temperatures, creep testing, relaxation testing and fatigue testing
MNC 330-1979 Metallic materials — Fatigue testing

Association Francaise de Normalisation

NF A03-509:1983 Iron and steel. Calibration of fatigue test machines.
NF EN ISO 3928:2017 Sintered metallic materials, excluding hard metals - Specimens for fatigue tests
NF P98-261-1:2001 Test relating to pavements - Determination of the fatigue resistance of bituminous mixtures - Part 1 : two points flexural fatigue test with constant displacement on trapezoidal isocel specimens.
NF T54-084:1991 Thermoplastics valves. Fatigue strength. Test method.

Korean Agency for Technology and Standards (KATS)

KS B ISO 12108:2004 Metallic materials－Fatigue testing－Fatigue crack growth method
KS B ISO 12108-2004(2019) Metallic materials－Fatigue testing－Fatigue crack growth method
KS B ISO 12108-2019 Metallic materials－Fatigue testing－Fatigue crack growth method
KS F 2378-2019 Standard test method for flexural beam fatigue of asphalt mixtures
KS B 5537-1982 Material testing machine：Fatigue testing machine：Definitions, general requirements
KS B 5537-2002 Material testing machine：Fatigue testing machine：Definitions, general requirements
KS B 0528-2001 Resistance spot welding-Destructive tests of welds-Methods for the fatigue testing of spot welded joints
KS B ISO 1352-2002(2012) Steel－Torsinal stress fatigue testing

AGMA - American Gear Manufacturers Association

99FTM5-1999 Analysis of Micropitting on Prototype Surface Fatigue Test Gears

KR-KS

KS B ISO 4547-2003(2023) Calibration of hardness reference pieces for Knoop hardness testing of metallic materials

German Institute for Standardization

DIN 53442:1990-09 Flexural fatique testing of plastics using flat specimens
DIN 53442:1990 Flexural fatique testing of plastics using flat specimens
DIN EN ISO 3928:2006 Sintered metal materials, excluding hardmetals - Fatigue test pieces (ISO 3928:1999); English version of DIN EN ISO 3928:2006-06

GM Europe

GME GMI L-10B-13-2007 Fatigue Test for Wheel Disk (English/German; This standard may be applied only for current projects incl. Global Epsilon e (37##). It is Superceded for all future projects and replaced by GMW14341)

(U.S.) Ford Automotive Standards

FORD FLTM BN 106-02-2001 SEAM FATIGUE TESTING

American Gear Manufacturers Association

AGMA 99FTM5-1999 Analysis of Micropitting on Prototype Surface Fatigue Test Gears

Indonesia Standards

SNI 19-3386-1994 Definition of tennis for fatique testing and the stastical analysis of fatique data

CZ-CSN

CSN 42 0368-1973 Metal testing. Fatigue testing of metals. Statistical evaluation of fatigue test results of metals
CSN 64 0618-1975 Plastics testing. Method of test for fatigue of plastics
CSN ISO 1352:1994 Steel.Torsional stress fatique testing

RU-GOST R

GOST R 57569-2017 Polymer composites. Test method for fatigue of samples with open hole
GOST R 57143-2016 Polymer composites. Standard test method for tension-tension fatigue

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

NASA NACA-TN-2324-1951 Fatigue strengths of aircraft materials axial load-fatigue tests on unnotched sheet specimens of 24S-T3 and 75S-T6 aluminum alloys and of SAE 4130 steel