GB/T 15706-2012 in English

《GB/T 15706-2012机械安全 设计通则 风险评估与风险减小》由TC208（全国机械安全标准化技术委员会）归口，TC208SC1（全国机械安全标准化技术委员会机械安全设计分会）执行，主管部门为国家标准化管理委员会。

This Standard specifies basic terminology, principles and a methodology for achieving safety in the design of machinery. It specifies principles of risk assessment and risk reduction to help designers in achieving this objective. These principles are based on knowledge and experience of the design, use, incidents, accidents and risks associated with machinery. Procedures are described for identifying hazards and estimating and evaluating risks during relevant phases of the machine life cycle, and for the elimination of hazards or the provision of sufficient risk reduction. Guidance is given on the documentation and verification of the risk assessment and risk reduction process.
This Standard is applicable to the machinery defined in 3.1.
This Standard does not deal with risk and/or damage to domestic animals, property or the environment. It is also intended to be used as a basis for the preparation of type-B or type-C safety standards.

Foreword III
Introduction V
1 Scope
2 Normative References
3 Terms and Definitions
4 Strategy for Risk Assessment and Risk Reduction
5 Risk Assessment
5.1 General
5.2 Information for risk assessment
5.3 Determination of limits of machinery
5.3.1 General
5.3.2 Use limits
5.3.3 Space limits
5.3.4 Time limits
5.3.5 Other limits
5.4 Hazard identification
5.5 Risk estimation
5.5.1 General
5.5.2 Elements of risk
5.5.3 Aspects to be considered during risk estimation
5.6 Risk evaluation
5.6.1 General
5.6.2 Adequate risk reduction
5.6.3 Comparison of risks
6 Risk Reduction
6.1 General
6.2 Inherently safe design measures
6.2.1 General
6.2.2 Consideration of geometrical factors and physical aspects
6.2.3 Taking into account general technical knowledge of machine design
6.2.4 Choice of appropriate technology
6.2.5 Applying principle of positive mechanical action
6.2.6 Provisions for stability
6.2.7 Provisions for maintainability
6.2.8 Observing ergonomic principles
6.2.9 Electrical hazards
6.2.10 Pneumatic and hydraulic hazards
6.2.11 Applying inherently safe design measures to control systems
6.2.12 Minimizing probability of failure of safety functions
6.2.13 Limiting exposure to hazards through reliability of equipment
6.2.14 Limiting exposure to hazards through mechanization or automation of loading (feeding)/unloading (removal) operations
6.2.15 Limiting exposure to hazards through location of setting and maintenance points outside danger zones
6.3 Safeguarding and complementary protective measures
6.3.1 General
6.3.2 Selection and implementation of guards and protective devices
6.3.3 Requirements for design of guards and protective devices
6.3.4 Safeguarding to reduce emissions
6.3.5 Complementary protective measures
6.4 Information for use
6.4.1 General requirements
6.4.2 Location and nature of information for use
6.4.3 Signals and warning devices
6.4.4 Markings, signs (pictograms) and written warnings
6.4.5 Accompanying documents (in particular — instruction handbook)
7 Documentation of Risk Assessment and Risk Reduction
Appendix A (Informative) Schematic Representation of a Machine
Appendix B (Informative) Examples of Hazards, Hazardous Situations and Hazardous Events
Appendix C (Informative) Trilingual Lookup and Index of Specific Terms and Expressions Used in This Standard
Bibliography