GB/T 20850-2014 in English

《GB/T 20850-2014机械安全 机械安全标准的理解和使用指南》由TC208（全国机械安全标准化技术委员会）归口，TC208SC1（全国机械安全标准化技术委员会机械安全设计分会）执行，主管部门为国家标准化管理委员会。
本标准规定了机械安全各相关标准的提纲性内容。
本标准可为机械及相关设备的设计者和制造商提供帮助，特别是在缺少特定C类标准的情况下，能够帮助设计者和制造商正确理解相关的机械安全标准。

1 Scope

This standard specifies the outlined details of safety of machinery standards.
This standard may help the designers and manufacturers of machinery and associated equipment, particularly where specific Category C standard is unavailable, to correctly understand relevant safety of machinery standards.
Note: this standard does not cover the contents of Category C standards.

2 Classification of Safety of Machinery Standards

2.1 Category A standards (fundamental safety standards)
Providing fundamental concepts, design principles and general characters which are universally applicable to all machinery. See Table 1 for relevant standards.
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3 Basic Concepts, Principles and Requirements

Figure 2~Figure 5 give basic approaches to safety of machinery including the idea of reducing risk by protection measures (e.g. safety function), iterative method of risk assessment/risk reduction, and selection of and validation of safety functions (safety-related parts of control system). The basic procedures of risk assessment processes are given inside the boxes on the top left corners of Figure 2 and Figure 4, as detailed in GB/T 15706-2012. Figure 3 illustrates the idea of reducing risk by protection measures including safety function (safety-related parts of control system). Figure 4 illustrates a basic procedure of risk reduction, as detailed in Figure 1 of GB/T 15706-2012. Figure 5 illustrates the validation process with the safety-related parts of control system determined as protection measure.
The other parts of this standard provide the risk reduction measures to be undertaken by the manufacturer:
1) Intrinsic safety design measure;
2) Safety protection and supplementary protection measures;
3) Information for use
See 6.4 of GB/T 15706-2012, Chapter 6 of GB/T 16856.2-2008 and Chapter 11 of this standard for details of information for use.

Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Classification of Safety of Machinery Standards
3 Basic Concepts, Principles and Requirements
4 Safety Distance and Hand/Arm Speed
5 Guard and Interlocking Device
6 Safety Function
7 Protective Devices
8 Electrical Equipment
9 Fluid Power System and Its Components
10 Markings, Warning Devices, Signals & Symbols and Driving Principle
11 Documents
12 Ergonomics
13 Emission of Hazardous Substances
14 Radiation-induced Risks
15 Permanent Means of Access to Machinery
16 Fire and Explosion
17 Acoustics
18 Mechanical Vibration
19 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)
Appendix A (Informative) Relationship between National Standards, International Standards and European Union Directives Regarding Safety of Machinery
Appendix B (Informative) Ergonomics Considerations
Appendix C (Informative) Overview of Electrical Requirements
Appendix D (Informative) Outline of Standards Regarding Electrical Technology
Appendix E (Informative) Main Technical Modifications of GB/T 20850-2014 Based on GB/T 20850-2007
Bibliography