GB/T 41355-2022 in English

《GB/T 41355-2022机械安全 自主移动式机械与人体之间的动态安全距离 确定方法》由TC208（全国机械安全标准化技术委员会）归口，主管部门为国家标准化管理委员会。

1 Scope

This standard specifies the requirements and methods for determining the dynamic safety distances between autonomous mobile machinery and human body or human body parts based on the moving speed and braking capacity of human body or human body parts and autonomous mobile machinery.

This standard applies to the determination of dynamic safety distances between autonomous mobile machinery and human body or human body parts.

This standard does not apply to the cases where human bodies approach by running, jumping or falling, nor to dynamic safety distances for children under 14 years old.

2 Normative references

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this standard. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

GB/T 15706 Safety of machinery - General principles for design - Risk assessment and risk reduction
GB/T 19876-2012 Safety of machinery - Positioning of safeguards with respect to the approach speeds of parts of the human body

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this standard, the following terms and definitions and those given in GB/T 15706-2012 and GB/T 19876-2012 apply.

3.1
dynamic safety distance
distance used to determine the actual position of danger, dangerous point or machine part, and distance that may reach the boundary of the dangerous area due to the position change in the total response time (T) to achieve the expected risk reduction

3.2
braking capability
ability of danger, danger point, machine parts or machine to reduce movement speed

3.3
speed and safety monitoring; SSM
safety protection measure to keep the minimum safety distances between human body or human body parts and dangerous areas to reduce risks

Note: the safe distance depends on several factors, such as the approaching speed and direction of human body parts, the speed, direction and positioning of dangerous source, the detection capability of ESPE, the response time of safety-related components of control system (SRP/CS).

3.4
safeguarded space
area or space enclosed by protective devices for protecting personnel

4 Symbols

For the purposes of this standard, the symbols given in Table 1 apply.

5 Methodology

5.1 General requirements

As the basis of calculating the dynamic safety distance, the position of the dangerous source, the actual movement speed and braking capacity (deceleration) of the dangerous source shall be given.

5.2 Speed and safety monitoring

The main purpose of SSM is to keep the minimum dynamic safety distance to reduce the risk by appropriately changing the speed and track of the potentially dangerous movement of the machinery or its components. The dynamic safety distance may be calculated according to Clause 6 if speed and safety monitoring are adopted for safety protection and the following requirements are met:

—— Any human body or human body parts can be detected in the safe protection space;

—— The instruction that can reduce the expected risk within the control range can be triggered immediately once the tracking of human body or human body parts in the safety protection space fails;

—— The instruction that can achieve the expected risk reduction within the control range can be triggered immediately once the dynamic safety distance of the human body or human body parts in the safety protection space cannot be maintained.

If the protective equipment can measure the approaching speed of human body or human body parts, the measured value may be used for calculating the dynamic safety distance; otherwise, the approaching speed given in GB/T 19876-2012 shall be used.

For the SRP/CS whose approaching speed may be measured, it shall be ensured that the performance will not reduce the SSM function of SRP/CS. The measurement uncertainty of the position and speed of dangerous machinery parts or the machinery itself and human body parts shall be taken as a part of the distance compensation coefficient (Z).