How to Measure Coefficient of Friction

How to Measure Coefficient of Friction, Total:221 items.

The international standard classification for "How to Measure Coefficient of Friction" includes: Other standards related to road engineering , Components for conveyors , Films and sheets , Rubber and plastics products , Tyres in general , Seals, glands .

The Chinese standard classification for "How to Measure Coefficient of Friction" includes: Operating equipment, instrument and meter , Promotion, storage and transportation equipment , Basic standard and general method , Rubber tube, rubber belt and tape , Plastic profile , Basic standards and general methods , Lubricating oil , Sealing and sealing device .

Professional Standard - Traffic

JT/T 763-2009 Pendulum friction tester
JT/T 683-2009 Static friction coefficient measure of communication conduct
JT/T 778-2010 Automatic Testing System of Twin-wheel Sideway Force Coefficient
JT/T 763-2017 Pendulum Friction Coefficient Meter
JT/T 3161-1993 Specification for portable pendulum tester
JT/T 3162-1993 Testing methods for portable pendulum tester
JT/T 777-2010 Automatic testing system of road braking friction coefficient
JT/T 752-2009 Test Tyre of Sideway-force Coefficient Routine Investigation Machine

National Metrological Verification Regulations of the People's Republic of China

JJG(交通) 100-2010 Automatic Testing System of Twin-wheel Sideway Force Coefficient
JJG(交通) 053-2004 Portable Pendulum Tester
JJG 053-2017 Pendulum Friction Coefficient Meter
JJG 100-2020 Double-wheel lateral force friction coefficient automatic test system[
JJG(交通) 081-2009 Static Friction Coefficient Tester of Communication Conduct
JJG 053-2009 Pendulum Friction Coefficient Meter
JJG(交通) 053-2009 Pendulum Friction Tester
JJG(交通) 099-2010 Automatic Testing System of Road Braking Friction Coefficient

Professional Standard - Coal

MT/T 248-1991 Friction hoist liner friction coefficient testing method for
MT/T 635-1996 Determination Method for Frictional Resistance Coefficient of Mine Tunnel Ventilation
MT/T 635-2020 Method for the determination of mine roadway ventilation resistance coefficient of friction

Hebei Provincial Standard of the People's Republic of China

DB13/T 5430-2021 Specification for measurement of sliding friction coefficient of simulated ice slab

Taiwan Provincial Standard of the People's Republic of China

CNS 14964-13-2006 Wheelchairs - Part 13: Determination of coefficient of friction of test surfaces
CNS 13575.4-1995 Wheelchairs Determination of Coefficient of Test Surfaces
CNS 13575-4-1995 Wheelchairs - Determination of coefficient of test surfaces

General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China

GB/T 10006-1988 Plastics - Film and sheeting - Determination of the coefficients of friction
GB 10006-1988 Method for determination of coefficient of friction of plastic films and sheets
GB/T 10006-2021 Plastics—Film and sheeting—Determination of the coefficients of friction
GB/T 33205-2016 Light conveyor belts--Determination of the coefficient of friction

未注明发布机构

JIS P 8147:1987 Method for Determining Coefficient of Friction of Paper and Board

Professional Standard - Chemical Industry

HG/T 20576-1998（条文说明） Determination of Friction Coefficient of Static Wall Surface of Powder and Grain
HG/T 4748-2014 Test method of friction factor for drive belts
HG/T 20576-1998 Measurment of Friction coefficients of power/particle and static wall

Professional Standard - Petroleum

SY/T 6863-2012 Calibration Method of Mudcake Coefficient Device
SY 6863-2012 Calibration method of mud cake friction coefficient tester

Professional Standard - Petrochemical Industry

SH/T 0762-2005 The test method for determination of the coefficient of friction of lubricants using the four-ball wear test machine
SH/T 0190-1992 Determination method for friction coefficient of liquid lubricant (MM-200 method)
SH/T 0072-1991 Determination method for friction coefficient of liquid lubricant (oscillator method)

Group Standards of the People's Republic of China

T/CMA HG019-2020 Method for measuring the friction coefficient of tyre test pavement—Pendulum tester
T/CNTAC RM5-2025 Standard sample of friction cloth for electrostatic testing of textiles
T/CSAE 74-2018 Determination of Coefficients of Friction for mechanical fasteners
T/CSTM 00522-2022 Testing method of friction coefficient of man-made staple fibers

Yunnan Provincial Standard of the People's Republic of China

DB53/T 652-2014 Longitudinal continuous pavement friction coefficient test system

Military Standard of the People's Republic of China-Commission of Science,Technology and Industry for National Defence

GJB 5870-2006 Determination of coefficients of friction between vulcanized rubber and metal

Military Standard of the People's Republic of China-General Armament Department

GJB 8613-2015 Determination of friction coefficient between vulcanized rubber and metal

Professional Standard - Railway

TB/T 2403-1993 Synthetic Brake Shoe with High Friction Coefficient for Freight Cars

Professional Standard - Machinery

JB/T 9141.8-1999 Test method for friction coeffieient of flexible graphite sheets by sliding

PL-PKN

PN M04307-1970 Frictional materials Determination o? (riction coefficient
PN P04615-1974 Textiles Determination of friction coefficient
PN O79118-1985 Flexible packaging materials Determination of the coefficients of friction
PN O91142-1989 Safety footwear Determination of the coefficient friction by dynamie method

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

ASTM G115-98 Standard Guide for Measuring and Reporting Friction Coefficients
ASTM G115-24 Standard Guide for Measuring and Reporting Friction Coefficients
ASTM G115-10(2013) Standard Guide for Measuring and Reporting Friction Coefficients
ASTM G115-10 Standard Guide for Measuring and Reporting Friction Coefficients
ASTM D1894-24 Standard Test Method for Static and Kinetic Coefficients of Friction of Plastic Film and Sheeting
ASTM G115-10(2018) Standard Guide for Measuring and Reporting Friction Coefficients
ASTM D3248-73(1984) Static friction coefficient determination method
ASTM RR-D20-1253 2011 D1894-Test Method for Static and Kinetic Coefficients of Friction of Plastic Film and Sheeting
ASTM G115-04 Standard Guide for Measuring and Reporting Friction Coefficients
ASTM RR-D20-1211 2000 D1894-Test Method for Static and Kinetic Coefficients of Friction of Plastic Film and Sheeting
ASTM RR-D20-1131 1986 D1894-Test Method for Static and Kinetic Coefficients of Friction of Plastic Film and Sheeting
ASTM G203-10(2016) Standard Guide for Determining Friction Energy Dissipation in Reciprocating Tribosystems
ASTM D1894-08 Standard Test Method for Static and Kinetic Coefficients of Friction of Plastic Film and Sheeting
ASTM D3247-73(1984) Static friction coefficient determination method (horizontal plane method)
ASTM F3143-20 Standard Test Method for Determination of Frictional Torque and Friction Factor for Hip Replacement Bearings under Standard Conditions Using a Reciprocal Friction Simulator
ASTM G163-99 Standard Guide for Digital Data Acquisition in Wear and Friction Measurements
ASTM G163-99(2004) Standard Guide for Digital Data Acquisition in Wear and Friction Measurements
ASTM D3028-95 Standard Test Method for Kinetic Coefficient of Friction of Plastic Solids
ASTM G163-10 Standard Guide for Digital Data Acquisition in Wear and Friction Measurements

Standard Association of Australia （SAA）

AS 1141.42:1999 Methods for sampling and testing aggregates - Pendulum friction test
AS 3696.13:1991 Wheelchairs - Determination of coefficient of friction of test surfaces
AS 3696.13:1991(R2014) Determination of coefficient of friction of wheelchair test surface
AS 1141.41:1999 Methods for sampling and testing aggregates - Polished aggregate friction value - Horizontal bed machine
AS 1141.40:1999 Methods for sampling and testing aggregates - Polished aggregate friction value - Vertical road-wheel machine

Spanish Association for Standardization (UNE)

AENOR UNE 53268/1M:2002 Plastics. Films of plastic materials. Determination of the static and dynamic friction coefficients.
UNE 53268:1981 PLASTICS. PLASTICS SHEETS. DETERMINATION OF STATIC AND DYNAMIC FRICTION COEFFICIENTS
AENOR UNE 53268:1981 Plastics. Films of plastic materials. Determination of the static and dynamic friction coefficients.
UNE-ISO 15359:2014 Paper and board. Determination of the static and kinetic coefficients of friction. Horizontal plane method
UNE-EN 14882:2006 Rubber or plastic coated fabrics - Determination of the static and dynamic coefficient of friction
UNE-EN ISO 21182:2013 Light conveyor belts - Determination of the coefficient of friction (ISO 21182:2013) (Endorsed by AENOR in April of 2013.)
UNE-EN ISO 21182:2007 Light conveyor belts - Determination of the coefficient of friction (ISO 21182:2005)
UNE-EN 1724:1999 LIGHT CONVEYOR BELTS. TEST METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF THE COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION.
UNE 111914-13:1995 WHEELCHAIRS. PART 13: DETERMINATION OF COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION OF TEST SURFACES.

GCC Standardization Organization

GSO ISO 15359:2015 Paper and board -- Determination of the static and kinetic coefficients of friction -- Horizontal plane method
GSO ISO 21182:2013 Light conveyor belts -- Determination of the coefficient of friction
BH GSO ISO 7176-13:2024 Wheelchairs - Part 13: Determination of coefficient of friction of test surfaces

The Directorate General of Specifications and Metrology (DGSM)

OS GSO ISO 15359:2015 Paper and board -- Determination of the static and kinetic coefficients of friction -- Horizontal plane method
OS GSO IEC/TR 62470:2014 Guidance on techniques for the measurement of the coefficient of friction (COF) between cables and ducts
OS GSO ISO 7176-13:2008 Wheelchairs - Part 13: Determination of coefficient of friction of test surfaces

CZ-CSN

CSN 50 0425-1980 Determlnatlon of the coefficient of írictiom oí páper

AT-ON

ONORM M 8121-3-1994 Tribotechnique - Tribological test - Wear quantities
ONORM M 8125-1994 Tribotechnique - Testing of friction and wear - Model test: System ball-on-disc
ONORM M 1620-2-1994 Bolted connections - Determination of coefficients of friction when tightening

Danish Standards Foundation

DS/EN 14882:2005 Rubber or plastic coated fabrics - Determination of the static and dynamic coefficient of friction
DS/EN ISO 21182:2013 Light conveyor belts - Determination of the coefficient of friction
DANSK DS/EN ISO 21182:2013 Light conveyor belts - Determination of the coefficient of friction
DS/EN ISO 8295:2004 Plastics - Film and sheeting - Determination of the coefficients of friction
DANSK DS/EN ISO 8295:2004 Plastics - Film and sheeting - Determination of the coefficients of friction
DANSK DS/ISO 7176-13:1992 Wheelchairs - Part 13: Determination of coefficient of friction of test surfaces
DS/ISO 7176-13:1992 Wheelchairs. Part 13: Determination of coefficient of friction of test surfaces

BR-ABNT

ABNT NBR 16919-2020 Ceramic tiles - Determination of the coefficient of friction

Association Francaise de Normalisation

NF T54-112:1980 Plastics. Sheets. Determination of the slippage. Measuring the friction coefficients.
NF G37-216*NF EN 14882:2005 Rubber or plastic coated fabrics - Determination of the static and dynamic coefficient of friction.
NF EN 14882:2005 Textile supports coated with rubber or plastic - Determination of static and dynamic friction coefficients
NF T47-153*NF EN ISO 21182:2013 Light conveyor belts - Determination of the coefficient of friction
NF EN ISO 21182:2013 Lightweight conveyor belts - Determination of the coefficient of friction
NF H11-013*NF EN ISO 15119:2005 Packaging - Sacks - Determination of the friction of filled sacks
NF T54-112*NF EN ISO 8295:2004 Plastics - Film and sheeting - Determination of coefficients of friction.
NF P62-127*NF EN 13893:2003 Resilient, laminate and textile floor coverings - Measurement of dynamic coefficient of friction on dry floor surfaces.
NF ISO 7176-13:1990 Wheelchairs - Part 13: determination of the coefficient of friction of test surfaces
NF Q03-082:1984 Paper and board. Paper, board, corrugated board and their components. Determination of the coefficient of static friction and'estimation of the coefficient of dynamic friction (dynamometer method).

Lithuanian Standards Office

LST EN 14882-2005 Rubber or plastic coated fabrics - Determination of the static and dynamic coefficient of friction
LST EN ISO 21182:2007 Light conveyor belts - Determination of the coefficient of friction (ISO 21182:2005)

Gosstandart of Russia

GOST 11629-1975 Plastics. Method of test for coefficient of friction
GOST 25691-1983 Artificial and synthetic leather for clothing. Method of defining of dynamic and static friction factors
GOST 11629-2017 Plastics. Method for determination of friction coefficient
GOST ISO 21182-2016 Light conveyor belts. Determination of the coefficient of friction
GOST R ISO 7176-13-1996 Wheelchairs. Methods of tests for determination of coefficient of friction of test surfaces
GOST 12.4.083-1980 Occupational safety standards system. Special shoes soles. Method of determination of sliding friction factor

Korean Agency for Technology and Standards (KATS)

KS M 3053-2002 TESTING METHOD FOR STATIC AND KINETIC COEFFICIENTS OF FRICTION OF PLASTIC FILMS AND SHEETS
KS K 0405-2021 Test method for coefficient of friction of yarn: Yarn to solid material
KS M 3009-2001 Testing methods for coefficients of friction of plastic film
KS M 3009-1986 Testing methods for coefficients of friction of plastic film
KS M 7134-2014 Method for determining coefficient of friction of paper and board
KS T ISO 15119:2017 Packaging－Sacks－Determination of the friction of filled sacks
KS M ISO 8295-2016 Plastics－Film and sheeting－Determination of the coefficients of friction
KS M ISO 8295:2006 Plastics-Film and sheeting-Determination of the coefficients of friction
KS M ISO 8295-2021 Plastics－Film and sheeting－Determination of the coefficients of friction
KS T ISO 15119:2012 Packaging－Sacks－Determination of the friction of filled sacks
KS M ISO 8295:2016 Plastics－Film and sheeting－Determination of the coefficients of friction
KS M ISO 8295-2016(2021) Plastics－Film and sheeting－Determination of the coefficients of friction
KS P ISO 7176-13:2019 Wheelchairs — Part 13: Determination of coefficient of friction of test surfaces
KS P ISO 7176-13-2019 Wheelchairs — Part 13: Determination of coefficient of friction of test surfaces
KS M 7134-2020 Determination of coefficient of friction of paper and board
KS M 7134-2004 Method for determining coefficient of friction of paper and board
KS M 7134-2002 Method for determining coefficient of friction of paper and board

German Institute for Standardization

DIN ISO 15359:2024 Paper and board - Determination of the static and kinetic coefficients of friction - Horizontal plane method (ISO 15359:1999)
DIN ISO 15359:2024-10 Paper and board - Determination of the static and kinetic coefficients of friction - Horizontal plane method (ISO 15359:1999)
DIN ISO 15359 E:2024 Draft Document - Paper and board - Determination of the static and kinetic coefficients of friction - Horizontal plane method (ISO 15359:1999); Text in German and English
DIN ISO 15359:2024-05 Draft Document - Paper and board - Determination of the static and kinetic coefficients of friction - Horizontal plane method (ISO 15359:1999); Text in German and English
DIN EN ISO 21182:2007 Light conveyor belts - Determination of the coefficient of friction (ISO 21182:2005); German version EN ISO 21182:2006
DIN 53375:1986 Determination method of friction coefficient of plastic films
DIN EN ISO 21182:2013-09 Light conveyor belts - Determination of the coefficient of friction (ISO 21182:2013); German version EN ISO 21182:2013
DIN 55426:2015-12 Packaging test - Determination of the high pressure coefficient of friction
DIN 55426:2015 Packaging test - Determination of the high pressure coefficient of friction
DIN 55426 E:2015-04 Packaging test - Determination of the high pressure coefficient of friction
DIN EN ISO 8295:2004 Plastics - Film and sheeting - Determination of the coefficients of friction (ISO 8295:1995); German version EN ISO 8295:2004
DIN EN ISO 8295:2004-10 Plastics - Film and sheeting - Determination of the coefficients of friction (ISO 8295:1995); German version EN ISO 8295:2004
DIN 55426 E:2015 Draft Document - Packaging test - Determination of the high pressure coefficient of friction
DIN ISO 15359 E:2024-05 Draft Document - Paper and board - Determination of the static and kinetic coefficients of friction - Horizontal plane method (ISO 15359:1999); Text in German and English

International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

ISO/TR 8349:1986 Road vehicles; Measurement of road surface friction
ISO 21182:2005 Light conveyor belts - Determination of the coefficient of friction
ISO 21182:2013 Light conveyor belts - Determination of the coefficient of friction
ISO 24267:2020 Footwear — Determination of coefficient of friction for footwear and sole components — Test method
ISO 8295:1995 Plastics - Film and sheeting - Determination of the coefficients of friction
ISO 15119:2000 Packaging - Sacks - Determination of the friction of filled sacks
ISO 8295:1986 Plastics; Film and sheeting; Determination of the coefficients of friction

RO-ASRO

STAS SR 13180-1994 Textile fibres. Determination of the index of friction
STAS SR ISO 8295:1986 Plastics - Films and sheeting - Determination of the coefficients of friction

European Committee for Standardization (CEN)

EN 14882:2005 Rubber or plastic coated fabrics - Determination of the static and dynamic coefficient of friction
EN ISO 21182:2013 Light conveyor belts - Determination of the coefficient of friction
EN ISO 24267:2020 Footwear - Determination of coefficient of friction for footwear and sole components - Test method (ISO 24267:2020)
EN ISO 15119:2004 Packaging - Sacks - Determination of the friction of filled sacks (ISO 15119:2000)

North Atlantic Treaty Organization Standards Agency

STANAG 1278-2005 STANDARD FOR THE REQUIRED LEVEL AND MEASUREMENT OF COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION ON FLIGHT DECKS

GM North America

GM GM9891P-2004 Coefficient of Friction (No Replacemnet)
GM GM9206P-1988 Coefficients of Friction of Soft Trim Material

Swedish Institute for Standards

SS-EN 14882:2005 Rubber or plastic coated fabrics - Determination of the static and dynamic coefficient of friction
SS-ISO 15359:2011 Paper and board - Determination of the static and kinetic coefficients of friction - Horizontal plane method (ISO 15359:1999, IDT)
SS-ISO 8295:1996 Plastics - Film and sheeting - Determination of coefficients of friction
ISO 8295 Plastics - Film and sheeting - Determination of coefficients of friction
SS-EN 1724:1999 Light conveyor belts - Test method for the determination of the coefficient of friction
SS-EN ISO 21182:2013 Light conveyor belts - Determination of the coefficient of friction (ISO 21182:2013)

IN-BIS

IS 8972-1978 Determination method of grain friction coefficient

British Standards Institution (BSI)

BS EN 14882:2005 Rubber or plastic coated fabrics - Determination of the static and dynamic coefficient of friction
BS EN ISO 21182:2006 Light conveyor belts. Determination of the coefficient of friction
BS EN ISO 21182:2013 Light conveyor belts. Determination of the coefficient of friction
PD IEC/TR 62470:2011 Guidance on techniques for the measurement of the coefficient of friction (COF) between cables and ducts
BS PD IEC/TR 62470:2011 Guidance on techniques for the measurement of the coefficient of friction (COF) between cables and ducts
BS EN ISO 24267:2020 Footwear. Determination of coefficient of friction for footwear and sole components. Test method
BS EN ISO 8295:2004 Plastics. Film and sheeting. Determination of the coefficients of friction
BS EN ISO 8295:1996 Plastics - Film and sheeting - Determination of the coefficients of friction
BS EN 1724:1999 Light conveyor belts - Test method for the determination of the coefficient of friction
07/30172935 DC BS EN 62470. Guidance on techniques for the measurement of the Coefficient Of Friction (COF) between cables and ducts
DD ENV 12448:1997 Paper. Printing and business paper. Determination of the coefficient of static friction

Japanese Industrial Standards Committee (JISC)

JIS K 6378-2:2012 Light conveyor belts -- Determination of the coefficient of friction
JIS P 8147:1994 Method for determining coefficient of friction of paper and board
JIS K 7125:1999 Plastics -- Film and sheeting -- Determination of the coefficients of friction
JIS P 8147:2010 Paper and board -- Determination of the static and kinetic coefficients of friction

CEN - European Committee for Standardization

EN ISO 21182:2006 Light conveyor belts - Determiniation of the Coefficient of Friction
EN 1724:1998 Light Conveyor Belts - Test Method for the Determination of the Coefficient of Friction

Bureau of Indian Standards

IS 16365-2015 Light Conveyor Belts - Determination of the Coefficient of Friction

The American Road & Transportation Builders Association

AASHTO GPVF-1-2008 Road Friction Coefficient Guide
AASHTO TP 143-2021 Standard Method of Test for Continuous Measurement of Sideway-Force Friction Number for Highway Pavements

Ente Nazionale Italiano di Unificazione

UNI EN ISO 21182:2007 Light conveyor belts - Determination of the coefficient of friction
UNI 9802:2010 Paper - Determination of coefficient of static friction (inclined plane method)
UNI EN ISO 21182:2013 Light conveyor belts - Determination of the coefficient of friction
UNI 9802:1990 Paper. Determination of coefficient of static friction (inclined plane method).
UNI EN 14882:2005 Rubber or plastic coated fabrics - Determination of the static and dynamic coefficient of friction

BELST

STB 1234-2000 Tribo-fatigue. Systems active. Statistical exponents of quality

International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)

IEC TR 62470:2011 Guidance on techniques for the measurement of the coefficient of friction (COF) between cables and ducts

The American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers

ASAE D251.2-2003 Friction Coefficients of Chopped Forages

YU-JUS

JUS G.S2.762-1997 Plastics - Determination of coefficient of friction of plastic films

NATO - North Atlantic Treaty Organization

STANAG 1278-2017 NORME APPLICABLE AU COEFFICIENT DE FROTTEMENT SUR LES PONTS D’ENVOL ET ? SA MESURE (ED 3)
ANEP-88-2017 STANDARD FOR THE REQUIRED LEVEL AND MEASUREMENT OF COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION ON FLIGHT DECKS (ED A@ Ver. 1)

GM Global

GMW 16666-2011 Coefficient of Friction Measurement for Elastomers Issue 1; English
GMW 15673-2013 Friction Coefficient of Window Regulator Pulley Issue 2; English

Kingdom of Bahrain Testing and Metrology Directorate

BH GSO ISO 8295:2016 Plastics - Film and sheeting - Determination of the coefficients of friction

Standards Norway

NS-EN ISO 21182:2013 Light conveyor belts — Determination of the coefficient of friction (ISO 21182:2013)
NS-EN 1724:1998 Light conveyor belts — Test method for the determination of the coefficient of friction

Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE)

SAE J2505-2003 Measurement of Vehicle-Roadway Frictional Drag
SAE J866-2002 Friction Coefficient Identification System for Brake Linings
SAE J2505_201008 Measurement of Vehicle-Roadway Frictional Drag
SAE J2505_200306 Measurement of Vehicle-Roadway Frictional Drag

AGMA - American Gear Manufacturers Association

98FTM10-1998 Local Coefficients of Friction in Worm Gear Contacts

American Gear Manufacturers Association

AGMA 98FTM10-1998 Local Coefficients of Friction in Worm Gear Contacts
AGMA 98FTM10 Local Coefficients of Friction in Worm Gear Contacts

SG-SPRING SG

SS 323 Pt.C5-1987 Methods Of Test For Flexible Plastic Packaging Materials Part C5 : Determination Of Static And Kinetic Coefficients Of Friction

Association of German Mechanical Engineers

VDI 2700 BLATT 14-2011 Securing loads on road vehicles — Determination of friction coefficients

Canadian Standards Association (CSA)

CAN/CSA-Z323.4.9-1994(R1998) Wheelchairs - Part 9: Determination of Coefficient of Friction of Test Surfaces

SE-SIS

SIS SS IEC 648:1983 Methodof test for coefficients offriction of plastic film and sheeting for use as electrical insulation

GM Europe

GME GMI L-5A/B-4-2007 Brake Disc Washout Programme on the Coefficient of Friction Tester (English/German; This standard may be applied only for current projects incl. Global Epsilon e (37##). It is Superceded for all future projects and replaced by GMW14395.)

National Electrical Manufacturers Association（NEMA)

NEMA MW 750-2009(2015) Friction coefficient of magnetic wire of dynamic insulating film