steel mill carbon dioxide

steel mill carbon dioxide, Total:258 items.

The international standard classification for "steel mill carbon dioxide" includes: Gases for industrial application , Fire-protection , Oxides , Therapy equipment , Chemical analysis , Non-alcoholic beverages , Other iron and steel products , Laboratory medicine , Deck equipment and installations .

The Chinese standard classification for "steel mill carbon dioxide" includes: Industrial gas and chemical gas , Fire-fighting equipment and devices , Medical ultrasound, laser, high-frequency instrument and equipment , Beverages in general , Beneficiation reagent , Environmental monitoring instrument and its complete equipment , Chemical Measurement , Medical laboratory equipment , Fire fighting equipment .

工业和信息化部

HG/T 5973-2021 Requirements for assessment of green factory in carbon dioxide industry
HG/T 4984-2016 Mixed gas for welding-Carbon dioxide，oxygen in argon

Professional Standard - Electricity

DL/T 1328-2014 Statistical Target System of Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Thermal Power Plants
DL/T 2376-2021 Specification for continuous emissions monitoring of CO2 in the flue gas emitted from thermal power plants

General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China

GB/T 12143.4-1992 Method for determination of carbondioxide in carbonated soft drink
GB/T 8984.2-1997 Determination of carbon monoxide,carbon dioxide and hydrocarbon in the gases-Part 2:Determination of total content of carbon monoxide,carbon dioxide and hydrocarbon in gases-Gas chromatographic method
GB/T 8984-2008 Determination of carbon monoxide carbon dioxide and hydrocarbon in gases - Gas chromatographic method
GB 4396-1984 Fire extinguishing agent;Carbon dioxide
GB/T 6052-1993 Commerial liquid carbon dioxide
GB/T 8984.1-1997 Determination of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrocarbon in the gases--Part 1: Determination of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and mathane in the gases--Gas chromatographic method
GB/T 23938-2009 High purity carbon dioxide
GB 11748-2005 Carbon dioxde laser treating intrument
GB/T 43772-2024 Electronic gas—Carbon dioxide
GB 4399-1984 Portable carbon dioxide fire extinguishers
GB 11748-1999 Carbon dioxde laser treating instrument
GB 4396-2005 Fire extinguishing agent——carbon dioxide
GB/T 6052-2011 Industrial liquid carbon dioxide

Taiwan Provincial Standard of the People's Republic of China

CNS 3145-1971 Method of Test for Liquefied Carbon Dioxide
CNS 5936-1981 Cryosugry
CNS 2592-1967 Method of Analysis for Carbon Dioxide, Oxygen, Carbon Monoxide Hydrogen and Methane in Gases
CNS 195-1981 Liquid Carbon Dioxide

Group Standards of the People's Republic of China

T/TMAC 086-2024 Technical requirements for carbon dioxide capture, transportation and storage in thermal power plants
T/CIECCPA 022-2023 Technical specification for carbon dioxide products
T/TMAC 086-2023 Technical requirements for carbon dioxide capture, transportation and storage in thermal power plants
T/CCGA 50004-2019 Medical carbon dioxide
T/CIECCPA 014-2022 Carbon dioxide capture equipment of steel lime kiln flue gas
T/SHDSGY 152-2022 Nasal oxygen tube for end-expiratory carbon dioxide collection
T/CIET 539-2024 Technical specifications for carbon dioxide capture
T/CIET 571-2024 Technical requirements for carbon dioxide storage
T/QGCML 4622-2024 High Power CO2 Laser Tube

国家市场监督管理总局、中国国家标准化管理委员会

GB/T 23938-2021 High purity carbon dioxide
GB/T 38216.1-2019 Steel slag—Determination content of chromic oxide—Diphenyl carbazide spectrophotometry method

Professional Standard - Coal

MT/T 274-1994 carbon dioxide detection tube
MT 274-1994 Detector Tube for Carbon Dioxide

Inner Mongolia Provincial Standard of the People's Republic of China

DB15/T 876-2015 carbon dioxide generator

Professional Standard - Machinery

JB/T 14437-2023 Carbon dioxide cracking tubes

Professional Standard - Chemical Industry

HG/T 2537-1995 carbon dioxide for welding
HG/T 2537-1993 Carbon Dioxide for Welding Usage

Professional Standard - Agriculture

380药典四部-2020 Pharmaceutical excipients name II carbon dioxide
23药典二部-2010 Part 2 Drawing CO2
139药典第三增补本-2010 New species of carbon dioxide in the second part
490兽药典一部-2015 Text Variety Part Two Part Two Drawing CO2
31药典二部-2015 Part 2 Drawing CO2
31药典二部-2020 Part 2 Drawing CO2
354药典四部-2015 Pharmaceutical excipients name II carbon dioxide

Professional Standard - Meteorology

QX/T 215-2013 Preparation method of standard gases for Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxtde and Methane

Professional Standard - Energy

NB/T 20176-2012 Design Requirement for Hydrogen Supply Nitrogen Supply Oxygen Supply Carbon Dioxide Supply System of PWR Nuclear Power Plant

Guangdong Provincial Standard of the People's Republic of China

DB44/T 1383-2014 Guidelines for Reporting Carbon Dioxide Emissions Information of Iron and Steel Enterprises

National Metrological Verification Regulations of the People's Republic of China

JJG 635-1999 Regulation of Verification for Carbon Monooxide and Carbon Dioxide Infrared Gas Analyzer
JJG 635-2011 Carbon Monoxide and Carbon Dioxide Infrared Gas Analyzer

国家食品药品监督管理局

YY 1621-2018 Medical carbon dioxide incubator

Professional Standard - Medicine

YY/T 1621-2018 Medical carbon dioxide incubator

工业和信息化部/国家能源局

JB/T 12917-2016 Liquid carbon diozide reciprocating pump

Military Standard of the People's Republic of China-General Armament Department

GJB 8040-2013 Specification for carbon dioxide absorbent

Professional Standard - Tobacco

YC/T 168-2003 Expanded tobacco leaf cut-CO<下标2>expansion process

Professional Standard-Ships

CB/T 3294-1998 Marine carbon dioxide fire extinguishing plant
CB/T 4407-2015 Cargo tanks of liquefied carbon dioxide gas carriers
CB/T 3294-2020 Marine carbon dioxide fire extinguishing plant

Professional Standard - Public Safety Standards

GA 107-1995 Cart type carbon dioxide fire extinguisher

未注明发布机构

ABNT NBR 6601-2021 Versão Corrigida-2021 Light duty road vehicles — Determination of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, carbon dioxide and particulate material on exhaust gas

International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

ISO/CD 27928:2011 Carbon dioxide capture, transportation and geological storage — Performance evaluation methods for CO2 capture plants connected with CO2 intensive plants
ISO 27919-1:2018 Carbon dioxide capture - Part 1: Performance evaluation methods for post-combustion CO2 capture integrated with a power plant
ISO/TR 27912:2016 Carbon dioxide capture - Carbon dioxide capture systems, technologies and processes
ISO 14404-1:2013 Calculation method of carbon dioxide emission intensity from iron and steel production - Part 1: Steel plant with blast furnace
ISO/TR 27922:2021 Carbon dioxide capture - Overview of carbon dioxide capture technologies in the cement industry
ISO 14404-2:2013 Calculation method of carbon dioxide emission intensity from iron and steel production - Part 2: Steel plant with electric arc furnace (EAF)
ISO/DIS 14404-2:2023 Calculation method of carbon dioxide emission intensity from iron and steel production
ISO/CD 14404-1:2023 Calculation method of carbon dioxide emission intensity from iron and steel production
ISO/DIS 14404-1:2023 Calculation method of carbon dioxide emission intensity from iron and steel production
ISO/DIS 14404-3:2023 Calculation method of carbon dioxide emission intensity from iron and steel production
ISO/CD 14404-2:2023 Calculation method of carbon dioxide emission intensity from iron and steel production
ISO 5923:1989 Fire protection; fire extinguishing media; carbon dioxide
ISO/TR 27921:2020 Carbon dioxide capture, transportation, and geological storage — Cross Cutting Issues — CO2 stream composition
ISO 27919-2:2021 Carbon dioxide capture — Part 2: Evaluation procedure to assure and maintain stable performance of post-combustion CO2 capture plant integrated with a power plant
ISO 5923:1984 Fire protection — Fire extinguishing media — Carbon dioxide

Association Francaise de Normalisation

NF ISO 27919-1:2019 Carbon dioxide capture - Part 1: performance evaluation methods for post-combustion CO2 capture integrated into a power plant
FD X30-807*FD ISO/TR 27922:2021 Carbon dioxide capture - Overview of carbon dioxide capture technologies in the cement industry
FD ISO/TR 27922:2021 Carbon Dioxide Capture – Overview of Carbon Dioxide Capture Technologies in the Cement Industry
NF ISO 27919-2:2022 Carbon dioxide capture - Part 2: evaluation procedure to guarantee and maintain the stable performance of a post-combustion CO2 capture installation integrated into a thermal power plant
NF A20-404:1984 Chemical analysis of iron ores. Determination of carbon dioxyde.

ZA-SANS

SANS 1572:2007 CO2 gas cartridges (steel)
CKS 65-1982 Carbon dioxide for medical use
SANS 6295:2006 Lime tests - Carbon dioxide content

IE-NSAI

I.S.47-1955 HIGH CARBON AND MAN.GANESE STEEL CYLINDERS(BRITISH TYPE)FOR CARBON DIOXIDE,NITROUS OXIDE AND ETHYLENE
I.S.125-1964 PORTABLE CARBON DIOXIDE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

British Standards Institution (BSI)

BS ISO 14404-1:2013 Calculation method of carbon dioxide emission intensity from iron and steel production. Steel plant with blast furnace
BS ISO 14404-2:2013 Calculation method of carbon dioxide emission intensity from iron and steel production. Steel plant with electric arc furnace (EAF)
24/30482210 DC ISO 14404-1 Calculation method of carbon dioxide emission intensity from iron and steel production.. Part 1: Steel plant with blast furnace
BS PD ISO/TR 27912:2016 Carbon dioxide capture. Carbon dioxide capture systems, technologies and processes
24/30482213 DC ISO 14404-2 Calculation method of carbon dioxide emission intensity from iron and steel production.. Part 2: Steel plant with electric arc furnace (EAF)
PD ISO/TR 27912:2016 Carbon dioxide capture. Carbon dioxide capture systems, technologies and processes
PD ISO/TR 27922:2021 Carbon dioxide capture. Overview of carbon dioxide capture technologies in the cement industry
BS PD ISO/TR 27922:2021 Carbon dioxide capture. Overview of carbon dioxide capture technologies in the cement industry
BS ISO 27919-2:2021 Carbon dioxide capture. Evaluation procedure to assure and maintain stable performance of post-combustion CO2 capture plant integrated with a power plant
BS 4105:1990(2011) Specification for Liquid carbon dioxide, industrial

GSO

GSO ISO 14404-1:2015 Calculation method of carbon dioxide emission intensity from iron and steel production -- Part 1: Steel plant with blast furnace
OS GSO ISO 14404-1:2015 Calculation method of carbon dioxide emission intensity from iron and steel production -- Part 1: Steel plant with blast furnace
BH GSO ISO 14404-1:2017 Calculation method of carbon dioxide emission intensity from iron and steel production -- Part 1: Steel plant with blast furnace
BH GSO ISO 14404-2:2017 Calculation method of carbon dioxide emission intensity from iron and steel production -- Part 2: Steel plant with electric arc furnace (EAF)
GSO 1084:2002 CARBON DIOXIDE FOR INDUSTRIAL PURPOSES
GSO 747:2014 GASES – MEDICAL CARBON DIOXIDE GAS
OS GSO 1084:2002 CARBON DIOXIDE FOR INDUSTRIAL PURPOSES
DL/T 2763-2024 Technical specification for performance test of carbon dioxide chemical absorption solution in flue gas of thermal power plants
GSO CEN/TR 17310:2021 Carbonation and CO2 uptake in concrete
BH GSO CEN/TR 17310:2022 Carbonation and CO2 uptake in concrete
OS GSO ISO 5923:2007 Fire protection - Fire extinguishing media – Carbon dioxide
GSO ISO 5923:2007 Fire protection - Fire extinguishing media – Carbon dioxide
BH GSO 747:2015 GASES – MEDICAL CARBON DIOXIDE GAS

(U.S.) Ford Automotive Standards

FORD M99B88-A-1991 CARBON DIOXIDE

American Water Works Association (AWWA)

ANSI/AWWA B510-2018 Carbon Dioxide
AWWA B510-2006 Carbon Dioxide
AWWA B510-2012 Carbon Dioxide
AWWA B510-2000 Carbon Dioxide
ANSI/AWWA B510-2006 Carbon Dioxide

SCC

12/30238573 DC BS ISO 14404-1. Calculation method of carbon dioxide emission intensity from iron and steel production. Steel plant with blast furnace
AWWA B510-2018 Carbon Dioxide
DANSK DS/ISO 27919-1:2022 Carbon dioxide capture – Part 1: Performance evaluation methods for post-combustion CO2 capture integrated with a power plant
12/30238576 DC BS ISO 14404-2. Calculation method of carbon dioxide emission intensity from iron and steel production. Steel plant with electric arc furnace (EAF)
DANSK DS/ISO/TR 27912:2022 Carbon dioxide capture – Carbon dioxide capture systems, technologies and processes
DANSK DS/ISO/TR 27922:2022 Carbon dioxide capture – Overview of carbon dioxide capture technologies in the cement industry
CAN/ULC-S503-2005(R2018) Carbon-Dioxide Fire Extinguishers
CAN/CSA Z223.2-M86-1986(R1999) Method for the Continuous Measurement of Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Carbon Monoxide, Sulfur Dioxide and Oxides of Nitrogen in Enclosed Combustion Flue Gas Streams
FM Approvals 5420:2020 Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems
CAN/ULC-S503-2005(C2018) NORME SUR LES EXTINCTEURS AU DIOXYDE DE CARBONE
DANSK DS/CEN/TR 17310:2019 Carbonation and CO2 uptake in concrete
SN-CEN/TR 17310:2019 Carbonation and CO2 uptake in concrete
DANSK DS/ISO/TR 27921:2022 Carbon dioxide capture, transportation and geological storage – Cross Cutting Issues – CO2 stream composition
DANSK DS/ISO 27919-2:2022 Carbon dioxide capture – Part 2: Evaluation procedure to assure and maintain stable performance of post-combustion CO2 capture plant integrated with a power plant
BS 6535-1:1984 Fire extinguishing media-Specification for carbon dioxide
AS B11:1931 Cylinders for the storage and transport of carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide
AWWA B510-1995 Carbon Dioxide (includes addendum B510a-97)
BS 4105:1967 Specification for liquid carbon dioxide, industrial
CSA/ANSI ISO 27916:2019 Carbon dioxide capture, transportation and geological storage — Carbon dioxide storage using enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR)

US-FCR

FCR COE CE 2206-1979 CARBON DIOXIDE FIRE EXTINGUISHING EQUIPMENT (FOR HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANTS)
FCR AF 127-60 CHANGE 1-1984 CARBON DIOXIDE INSTALLED FIRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS
FCR COE CWGS 15360-1993 CARBON DIOXIDE FIRE EXTINGUISHING EQUIPMENT
FCR UFGS-21 21 00.00 40-2013 CARBON-DIOXIDE FIRE-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS
FCR UFGS-21 21 02.00 20-2009 CARBON DIOXIDE FIRE EXTINGUISHING (LOW PRESSURE)
FCR FED FCGS 15520-1979 CARBON DIOXIDE FIRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS (HIGH PRESSURE)
FCR FED FCGS 15521-1979 CARBON DIOXIDE FIRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS (LOW PRESSURE)

KR-KS

KS D ISO 14404-1-2023 Calculation method of carbon dioxide emission intensity from iron and steel production — Part 1: Steel plant with blast furnace
KS A ISO 27919-1-2021 Carbon dioxide capture — Part 1: Performance evaluation methods for post-combustion CO2 capture integrated with a power plant
KS A ISO TR 27912-2020 Carbon dioxide capture —Carbon dioxide capture systems, technologies and processes
KS A ISO TR 27922-2022 Carbon dioxide capture — Overview of carbon dioxide capture technologies in the cement industry
KS A ISO 27919-2-2023 Carbon dioxide capture — Part 2: Evaluation procedure to assure and maintain stable performance of post-combustion CO2 capture plant integrated with a power plant

Compressed Gas Association (U.S.)

CGA G-6-2009 Carbon dioxide
CGA P-57-2013 AVOIDANCE OF FAILURE OF CARBON MONOXIDE AND OF CARBON MONOXIDE/CARBON DIOXIDE MIXTURES CYLINDERS
CGA G-6.3-2013 Carbon dioxide cylinder filling and handling procedures
CGA G-6.2-2011 Commodity specification for carbon dioxide
CGA P-57-2007 AVOIDANCE OF FAILURE OF CARBON MONOXIDE AND OF CARBON MONOXIDE/CARBON DIOXIDE MIXTURES CYLINDERS FIRST EDITION

CZ-CSN

CSN 65 1742-2001 Carbon dioxide
CSN 651742-2001 Carbon dioxide
CSN 07 8515-1984 Seamless steel gas cylinders for carbon dioxide, dinitrogen monoxide, hydrogen chloride and ethane
CSN 72 0121-1973 Determination of carbon dioxide
CSN 65 1744-1976 Carbon dioxide solid
CSN 65 1743-1976 Carbon dioxide liquid
CSN 72 2041-16-1992 Chemical analysis of steel slag. Part 16: Determination of carbon dioxide
CSN 68 8253-1957 Determination of carbon dioxide
CSN 38 9160 ZZ1-2004 carbon dioxide fire extinguisher
CSN 65 1742-1976 Carbon dioxide. asic common specifications
CSN 38 9160-1975 Mobile carbon dioxide extinguishers

American National Standards Institute （ANSI)

ANSI/AWWA B510-2011 Carbon Dioxide
CSA Z741-2012(R2022) Geological storage of carbon dioxide
ANSI/CSA Z741-2012 Geological storage of carbon dioxide
CGA G-6.13-2023 Standard for Stationary Uninsulated Cylinder Supply Systems for Carbon Dioxide
ANSI/NFPA 12-2015 Standard on Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems (Effective Date: 12/1/2014)
ANSI/NFPA 12-2011 Standard on Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems

RO-ASRO

SR 2962-1997 Liquefied carbon dioxide
STAS 2962-1986 LIQUEFIED CARBON DIOXIDE
SR 5063/6-1993 SiWcon carbide. Df?ermin?lion of free silicon dioxide content
STAS SR 12271-8-1994 Uranium dioxide. Determination of carbon content

Standard Association of Australia （SAA）

AS ISO 27919.1:2019 Carbon dioxide capture, Part 1: Performance evaluation methods for post-combustion CO2 capture integrated with a power plant
AS 4078:1992 Fire protection - Fire extinguishing media - Carbon dioxide

Korean Agency for Technology and Standards (KATS)

KS A ISO 27919-1:2021 Carbon dioxide capture — Part 1: Performance evaluation methods for post-combustion CO2 capture integrated with a power plant
KS I 2107-2019 Liquid carbon dioxide
KS I 2107-2009 Liquid carbon dioxide
KS M 1105-1995 Liquid carbon dioxide
KS I 2107-2009(2019) Liquid carbon dioxide
KS A ISO TR 27912:2020 Carbon dioxide capture —Carbon dioxide capture systems, technologies and processes
KS A ISO TR 27922:2022 Carbon dioxide capture — Overview of carbon dioxide capture technologies in the cement industry
KS B 6262-2007(2022) Carbon dioxide fire extinguishers
KS B 6262-2022 Carbon dioxide fire extinguishers
KS B 6262-2007(2017) Carbon dioxide fire extinguishers
KS B 6262-2007 Carbon dioxide fire extinguishers
KS I 2102-2009 Carbon dioxide(standard reference gas)
KS M 1060-2010(2020) High accuracy standards for carbon dioxide
KS M 1012-1994 Carbon dioxide(standard reference gas)
KS M 1060-2010 High accuracy standards for carbon dioxide
KS P ISO 9918-2009 Capnometers for use with humans－Requirements
KS I 2102-2010 Carbon dioxide(standard reference gas)
KS E ISO 4696-1:2008 Iron ores for blast furnace feedstocks-Determination of low-temperature reduction-disintegration indices by static method-Part 1:Reduction with CO, CO2, H2 and N2
KS M 1060-2020 High accuracy standards for carbon dioxide
KS R 1021-2014 Continuous measurement method of concentration carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrocarbon in automobile exhaust gas

PL-PKN

PN C84909-1972 Li?uid carbon dioxide
PN C04547 ArkusZ01-1974 Water and waste water Tests for carbon dioxide Determination ot free carbon dioxide in water
PN C04547 ArkusZ03-1974 Water and waste water Tests for carbon diox?de Determination of aggressivecarbon dioxide in water
PN Z04095 Arkusz 01-1974 Air purity protection Tests for carbon dioxide Determination of carbon dioxide work station by method with strontium hydroxide

Japanese Industrial Standards Committee (JISC)

JIS K 1106:1990 Liquid carbon dioxide
JIS K 0003:1992 Carbon dioxide (standard reference gas)
JIS K 1106 AMD 1:2008 Liquid carbon dioxide (Amendment 1)

HU-MSZT

MSZ 516/10-1980 MSZ 516/10-80 Provisions for gypsum and chemical carbon dioxide (carbon dioxide)
MSZ 9783-1985 Carbon dioxide fire extinguishing device
MSZ 10581/6-1969 Chemical analysis and testing. carbon dioxide content

Indonesia Standards

SNI 0029-2008 Liquid carbon dioxide

TH-TISI

TIS 539-2003 Medical carbon dioxide
TIS 568-1997 Industrial carbon dioxide
TIS 105-1996 Solid carbon dioxide (dry ice )
TIS 881-1989(en) PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS: CARBONDIOXIDE

IN-BIS

IS 307-1966 CO2 Specification
IS 4152-1989 Seamless carbon dioxide cylinders for shipboard fire-fighting purposes—Specification

GM Europe

GME B 040 0371-1991 Carbon Dioxide (German)

SE-SIS

SIS SMS 694-1968 Gas cylinders tor atrbort ilioxirle and nitrous oxide
SIS SS 694-1988 Gas cylinders — Gas cylinders for carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide — Dimensions

Underwriters Laboratories (UL)

UL 154-2021 Carbon-dioxide fire extinguishers
UL 154-2005 Carbon-dioxide fire extinguishers
UL 154-1995 Carbon-dioxide fire extinguishers
UL 154-2019 Carbon-dioxide fire extinguishers

United States Navy

NAVY MIL-R-82441 A-1974 REGULATOR ASSEMBLY, CARBON DIOXIDE PRESSURE
NAVY MIL-R-82441 A (2)-1989 REGULATOR ASSEMBLY, CARBON DIOXIDE PRESSURE
NAVY MIL-R-82441 A NOTICE 1-1998 REGULATOR ASSEMBLY, CARBON DIOXIDE PRESSURE
NAVY UFGS-21 21 01.00 20-2009 CARBON DIOXIDE FIRE EXTINGUISHING (HIGH PRESSURE)

Natural Gas Processor's Association (NGPA)

GPA RR-83-1985 Excess Enthalpy Experimental Data Binary Systems: Water + Carbon Monoxide Water + Carbon Dioxide

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

ASTM D513-92(1996) Standard Test Methods for Total and Dissolved Carbon Dioxide in Water
ASTM UOP826-10 Carbon Dioxide in Amine Solution
ASTM UOP826-81 Carbon Dioxide in Amine Solution

SAE - SAE International

SAE J177-1995 Measurement of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides in diesel engine exhaust
SAE J177-1970 MEASUREMENT OF CARBON DIOXIDE@ CARBON MONOXIDE@ AND OXIDES OF NITROGEN IN DIESEL EXHAUST
SAE J177-2002 Measurement of Carbon Dioxide@ Carbon Monoxide@ and Oxides of Nitrogen in Diesel Exhaust