GB/T 16856-2015 in English

《GB/T 16856-2015机械安全 风险评估 实施指南和方法举例》由TC208（全国机械安全标准化技术委员会）归口，TC208SC1（全国机械安全标准化技术委员会机械安全设计分会）执行，主管部门为国家标准化管理委员会。
本标准给出了按照GB/T 15706-2012对机械进行风险评估的实施指南，并描述了过程中每一步有关的各种方法和工具。
本标准旨在用于对各种各样机器的复杂性以及潜在危害方面进行风险评估，并给出了不同减小风险措施的示例。
本标准的预定使用者是那些参与把安全融入机械的设计、安装或改进工作中的人员（例如，设计者、技师、安全专家）。
附录A给出了应用风险评估和风险减小过程的具体示例。

1 Scope

This standard gives practical guidance on conducting risk assessment for machinery in accordance with GB/T 15706-2012 and describes various methods and tools for each step in the process.
This standard gives examples of different measures that can be used to reduce risk and is intended to be used for risk assessment on a wide variety of machinery in terms of complexity and potential for harm.
Its intended users are those involved in the design, installation or modification of machinery (for example, designers, technicians or safety specialists).
Appendix A provides a specific example for a risk assessment and a risk reduction process.

2 Normative References

The following documents for the application of this document are essential. Any dated reference, just dated edition applies to this document. For undated references, the latest edition (including any amendments) applies to this document.
GB/T 15706-2012 Safety of Machinery - General Principles for Design - Risk Assessment and Risk Reduction (ISO 12100: 2010, IDT)

3 Terminologies and Definitions

For the purposes of this standard, the terminologies and definitions given in GB/T 15706-2012 and the following apply.
3.1
Manufacturer
Supplier
Entity (for example, designer, manufacturer, contractor, installer, integrator) who provides equipment or services associated with machinery or parts of machinery.
Note: A user can also act in the capacity of a supplier to himself.

4 Preparation for Risk Assessment

Contents
Foreword i
Introduction iii
1 Scope
2 Normative References
3 Terminologies and Definitions
4 Preparation for Risk Assessment
4.1 General
4.2 Using the Team Approach for Risk Assessment
5 Risk Assessment Process
5.1 General
5.2 Determination of the Limits of the Machinery
5.3 Hazard Identification
5.4 Risk Estimation
6 Risk Estimation Tools
6.1 General
6.2 Risk Matrix
6.3 Risk Graph
6.4 Numerical Scoring
6.5 Hybrid Tool
7 Risk Evaluation
8 Risk Reduction
8.1 General
8.2 Inherently Safe Design
8.3 Safeguarding and/or Complementary Protective Measures
8.4 Information for Use
8.5 Standard Operating Procedures
9 Risk Assessment Iteration
10 Documentation of Risk Assessment.
Appendix A (Informative) Example Application of the Process of Risk Assessment and Risk Reduction
Bibliography