GB/T 18978.16-2018 in English

《GB/T 18978.16-2018使用视觉显示终端（VDTs）办公的人类工效学要求 第16部分：直接操作对话》由TC7（全国人类工效学标准化技术委员会）归口，主管部门为国家标准化管理委员会。

Scope

This Part of GB/T 18978 provides guidelines for the design of direct manipulation dialogs. In a direct manipulation dialog, the user manipulates objects directly on the screen. For example: using input devices to point, move and/or change the physical characteristics (or values) of these objects. These objects are usually concrete and graphical, representing abstract software structures or functions, and can generally be divided into two categories: a) task objects: artifacts used in the real world to support user tasks (e.g., a page, A metaphorical description of a pen, a wrench, a diagram, etc.). b) Interface Objects: Objects introduced in an interactive interface by which a user performs tasks related to the use of a computer program or system. The introduced objects may be real-world entities, but their metaphors are not necessarily directly related to the user's real work tasks (eg, buttons, sliders, windows, screens, etc.). Objects and their object descriptions on the current display are referred to as objects, except in some clear distinctions. This section does not cover interfaces that use stereoscopic or virtual reality technology. In practice, the term direct manipulation is often used interchangeably with graphical user interface (GUI). However, other dialog techniques like menu dialogs or command dialogs are often used in GUIs as well. Although GUIs have many direct manipulation features, not every user input in a GUI can be called direct manipulation. For example, moving the document icon to the printer icon indicates that the document is to be printed. This operation is a more advanced direct operation than clicking the "print" button with the mouse. This section covers usability issues for direct manipulation dialogs. Recommendations for GUI components are only given if they are explicitly related to direct manipulation functionality. Directly manipulating certain features of the dialog, such as step-by-step typing, may be less efficient (for example, if someone wishes to delete all files beginning with the letter "d"). Therefore, other interaction techniques, such as command input or menus, may be more suitable, and often these techniques can be used as a supplement to direct manipulation.