GB/T 4357-2009 in English

《GB/T 4357-2009冷拉碳素弹簧钢丝》由TC183（全国钢标准化技术委员会）归口，TC183SC3（全国钢标准化技术委员会盘条及钢丝分会）执行，主管部门为中国钢铁工业协会。
本标准规定了制造冷拉碳素弹簧钢丝的术语和定义、分类和标记、订货内容、尺寸、外形和允许偏差、技术要求、检验项目、要求和方法、检验规则、包装、标志和质量证明书。
本标准适用于制造静载荷和动载荷应用机械弹簧的圆形冷拉碳素弹簧钢丝(以下简称钢丝),不适用于制造高疲劳强度弹簧(如阀门簧)用钢丝。

ChinaStandards.net is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative.
This Standard is revised by adopting ISO 8458-2: 2002 “Wire for Mechanical Springs --Part 2: Patented Cold-Drawn Non-alloy Wire” (English version).
This Standard is redrafted in accordance with ISO 8458-2: 2002. For easy comparison, the summary list of national and international Standard clauses has been listed in informative Annex A. In Annex B, the summary list of technical differences and their reasons is provided for reference.
This Standard replaces GB/T 4357 - 1989 Non-Alloy Wire for springs, and compared to GB/T 4357 - 1989 the main differences are as follows:
——Terms and definitions are added
——The gradation of spring load against wire is added; variety of coating wire and straight wire are added.
——Order contents are added。
——Provisions of diameter tolerance are modified from quoting other Standards to direct provisions (Table 2 and Table 3)
——Pitch index is added.
—— Chemical composition scope is enlarged and suitable composition requirements for static load and dynamic load springs are provided
——Tensile strength fluctuation scope of the same one wire is provided
——The limitation of surface defects’ depth on dynamic load spring application is added
——Bending test and coil spring test are added.
——Provisions of sampling location and amount are changed
——Requirements of inspecting document provision and chemical composition providing are added.
Annex A and Annex B in this Standard are informative.
This Standard was proposed by China Iron and Steel Association。
This Standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee on Iron and Steel of Standardization Administration of China.
Drafting organizations: Jiang Xi XinHua Metal Products CO., Ltd, Fasten Group Co., and China Metallurgical Information and Standardization Institute.
Chief drafting staffs: Duan Jianhua, Huang Wei,Lu Jianfeng, Wang Lingjun, Dai Shifeng , and Ding Anlai.
The former issued editions this Standard replaces are: GB/T 4357 - 1984, GB/T 4357 - 1989.

Contents
1 Scope 1
2 Normative References 1
3 Terms and Definitions 2
4 Gradation and Marking 2
5 Order Contents 3
6 Size, Appearance and Permissible Deviation 3
7 Technical Requirements 5
8 Testing items, Requirements and Methods 10
9 Testing Rules of Wire 10
Annex A (Informative) The clause number of this Standard is compared with clause number ISO 8458-2: 2002 12
Annex B (Informative) The technical differences and their reasons between this Standard and ISO 8458-2: 2002 13


Cold-drawn Non-alloy Wire for Springs
1 Scope
This Standard stipulates terms and definitions, gradation and marking, order contents, dimension, profile and allowable deviation, technical requirements, testing items, requirements and methods, testing rules, packaging, mark and quality certification of cold-drawn non-alloy wire for springs production.
This Standard is applicable to the cast cold-drawn non-alloy wire for springs (hereinafter referred to as wire) used to produce static load and dynamic load springs. It is not applicable to produce wire used in high fatigue strength springs (such as valve springs).
2 Normative References
Clauses of the following documents, quoted by in this Standard, will become clauses of this Standard. For dated reference, the following amendments (not including the contents of kanhong) or recessions do not apply to this standard. However, all parties coming to an agreement according to this Standard are encouraged to discuss whether the latest editions of these documents are applicable. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document is applicable to this Standard.
GB/T 222 Permissible tolerances for chemical composition of steel products
GB/T 223.3 Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy; the diantipyrylmethane phosphomolybdate gravimetric method for the determination of phosphorus content
GB/T 223.19 Methods for chemical analysis of iron steel and alloy; the neocuproine-chloroform extraction photometric method for the determination of copper content
GB/T 223.58 Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy; the sodium arsenite-sodium nitrite titrimetric method for the determination of manganese content
GB/T 223.60 Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy The perchloric acid dehydration gravimetric method for the determination of silicon content (GB/T 223.60-1997, eqv ISO 439: 1994)
GB/T 223.67 Steel and alloys - sulfur content method for determination of methylene blue
GB/T 223.71 Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy The gravimetric method after combustion in the pipe furnace for the determination of carbon content(GB/T 223.71-1997, eqv ISO 437: 1982)
GB/T 224 Determination of depth of decarburization of steel(GB/T 224—2008, ISO 3887: 2003, MOD)
GB/T 228 Metallic materials-tensile testing at ambient temperature
GB/T 1839 galvanizing coat quality test of steel products (GB/T 1839—2008, ISO 1460: 1992, MOD)
GB/T 239 Metallic Materials Wire Torsion Test (GB/T 239—1999, eqv ISO 7800: 1984)
GB/T 1839 Determination of weight of zinc coating of steel products (GB/T 1839—2008, ISO 1460: 1992, MOD)
GB 2103 General provisions for checking, packing, marking and quality certification of steel wire
GB/T 2976 Metallic Materials--Wire--Wrapping Test (GB/T 2976-2004, ISO 7802: 1983, IDT)
YB/T 170.2 Non-ally wire rod for conversion to wire —Part 2: General purpose wire rod (YB/T 170.2 —2000; eqv ISO/FDIS 16120 —2: 2000)
YB/T 170.4 Non-alloy wire rod for conversion to wire—Part 4: Special purpose wire rod (YB/T 170.4 - 2002; ISO 16120-4: 2001; MOD)
3 Terms and Definitions
The following terms and definitions are applicable to this Standard.
3.1 Cold-drawn non-alloy wire for springs
Blank carbon steel , firstly through austenization heating and then cooling in certain condition, and make it generate sorbite (nodular troostite )tissue, hereafter cold drawn to the wanted dimensional steel spring wire.
3.2 Static load
It means springs bear static load or infrequent dynamic load (cycle times N< times),or load of these two kinds.
Note: It is not applicable to low frequency high load condition.
3.3 Dynamic load
It means spring bears frequent load (cycle times N≥104times) or mainly on outburst dynamic load.
Note: When the spinning ratio of spring is small or a fierce anfractuosity is required, it shall be regard as dynamic load.
3.4 Cast
The geometrical shape of a lap of wire cut from coils (its features including diameter of free ring and pitch) (see Figure 1).
3.5 Coil
One lap of wire coils, which is an unbroken wire ring.
3.6 Diameter of free ring
Put a lap of wire on a smooth level, and the measured external diameter is the diameter of free ring.
3.7 Pitch
The distance on the cast axes direction after a lap of freely hung wire's two ends flick out when inspect casts.
4 Gradation and Marking
4.1 According to tensile strength, wire can be divided into low tensile strength, medium tensile strength and high tensile strength represented by L, M and H respectively.
According to the characteristics of spring load, it can be divided into static load and dynamic load, represented by S and D respectively. In Table 1, the correspondent diameter scope and code type of different strength grades and different types of load are listed. In the table, the first letter of the code is the load classification code; the second letter is the tensile strength grade code.

Table 1 Tensile strength grade, load type and diameter scope
Tensile strength Static load Nominal diameter scope/mm Dynamic load Nominal diameter scope/mm
Low tensile strength SL
1.00~10.00 - -
Medium tensile strength SM
0.30~13.00 DM 0.08~13.00
High tensile strength SH
0.30~13.00 DH 0.05~13.00
4.2 Wire can be divided into plain wire and coating wire according to surface state.
4.3 Marking illustration
Example 1: The 200 mm medium tensile strength grade and dynamic load applicable steel spring wire is marked as: plain steel spring wire -GB/T 4357-2.00 mm -DM
Example 2: The 4.50 high tensile strength grade and static load applicable galvanized iron spring wire is marked as: galvanized iron spring wire-GB/T 4357-4.50mm -SH

1 Scope
2 Normative References
3 Terms and Definitions
4 Gradation and Marking
5 Order Contents
6 Size, Appearance and Permissible Deviation
7 Technical Requirements
8 Testing items, Requirements and Methods
9 Testing Rules of Wire
Annex A (Informative) The clause number of this Standard is compared with clause number ISO 8458-2:
Annex B (Informative) The technical differences and their reasons between this Standard and ISO 8458-2: