GB/T 45962-2025 in English
VALIDPerformance test methods for meteorological instruments and equipments—Atmospheric pressure
- Issued on:2025-08-01
- Implemented on:2026-02-01
- File Format:PDF
- Delivery:Via email within 1~3 business days
$262.00
《GB/T 45962-2025气象仪器设备性能测试方法 大气压力》由TC507（全国气象仪器与观测方法标准化技术委员会）归口，主管部门为中国气象局。
Introduction
Background of Standard Development and Technological Evolution
GB/T 45962-2025 "Meteorological Instruments and Equipment Performance Test Methods - Atmospheric Pressure" is an important technical standard organized and formulated by the China Meteorological Administration and will be officially released and implemented in 2025. This standard replaces the original decentralized test methods and unifies the performance test specifications for atmospheric pressure measuring instruments. With the rapid development of meteorological observation technology, traditional empty box air pressure instruments and new electronic barometers are used side by side, and there is an urgent need to establish a scientific and unified test method system.
The technical evolution of this standard is mainly reflected in three aspects: first, the test accuracy requirements are improved, and the uncertainty of the standard instrument is controlled within 1/3 of the maximum allowable error of the instrument under test; second, the test items are improved, and differentiated test items are set for different types of instruments; third, the data processing methods are standardized, and detailed calculation formulas and correction methods are provided in the appendix.
Interpretation of the core content of the standard
Scope of application and measurement range
This standard is applicable to the performance testing of empty box barometers/gauges and electronic barometers with a measurement range of 450~1100hPa. This range covers the atmospheric pressure variation interval from plateau to sea level and can meet the needs of most meteorological observation scenarios.
Instrument and equipment requirements
The standard sets strict requirements for test instruments and equipment:
| Equipment type | Technical requirements | Uncertainty requirements |
|---|---|---|
| Standard instrument | Measurement range covers the instrument under test | ≤1/3 of the MPE of the instrument under test |
| Air pressure control equipment | Leakage rate ≤0.3hPa/10min | - |
Standard temperature Measuring Range -10°C to 40°C MPE: ±0.3°C Temperature Coefficient Test Chamber Temperature Control Range -5°C to 35°C Fluctuation ±0.5°C/30min Test Environmental Conditions The standard specifies strict test environmental conditions: ambient temperature controlled at (20±5)°C and relative humidity not exceeding 80%. For high-precision tests (0.01 or 0.02 levels), the ambient temperature requirement is even stricter, requiring control within the range of (20±1)°C. Detailed Explanation of Test Items and MethodsEmpty Box Barometer/Gauge TestingEmpty box barometers/gauges require testing of three key parameters: temperature coefficient, indication error, and supplementary correction value. Temperature coefficient testing requires testing under natural atmospheric pressure, selecting two temperature ranges: 0°C to 5°C and 25°C to 35°C, with a temperature difference of greater than 20°C. At least four measurements must be taken at each temperature point after stabilizing for two hours, with intervals of at least five minutes. Indication error testing utilizes a ramping pressure cycle, starting at the upper and lower limits of the measurement range and selecting a test point at 50hPa intervals. The pressure must change continuously without pause during the test, and an appropriate overshoot of 2-3hPa is required at the endpoints when changing direction. Electronic Barometer TestingElectronic barometer testing includes indication error, stability, and return error. Before testing, it needs to be placed under test conditions for 2 hours to ensure that the instrument is stable. The pressure transmission medium can be clean, dry air or nitrogen, but for special instruments such as oscillating cylinder barometers, air must be used as the pressure transmission medium. The selection of test points requires at least 6 evenly distributed 10hPa points, including the upper and lower limits of the measurement range. For instruments with different accuracy levels, there are different requirements for the number of test cycles: 0.05 and above require 2 cycles, and 0.1 and below only require 1 cycle. Data processing and calculation methodsEmpty box barometer/meter data processingThe temperature coefficient is calculated using the formula: k_t = [(p_1-p_1')-(p_2-p_2')]/(t_1-t_2), where p is the standard pressure value, p' is the indication of the instrument under test, and t is the temperature value. The calculation of indication error requires temperature correction, using the formula: C_p_i = p_i - (p_i' + k_t × t_i), where C_p_i is the indication correction value. Electronic Barometer Data ProcessingThe indication error calculation processes the forward and reverse stroke data separately, taking the average as the final result. Stability calculations use the absolute value of the difference in indication error at the same test point in two consecutive test cycles. Return error calculations use the absolute value of the difference between the average values of the forward and reverse stroke indication errors. Implementation Recommendations and PrecautionsStandard Instrument Selection RecommendationsIt is recommended to prioritize standards with low uncertainty. Generally, the uncertainty introduced by the standard should not exceed 1/3 of the maximum allowable error of the instrument under test. When using an absolute pressure gas piston pressure gauge, this tolerance can be relaxed to 1/2, but stricter ambient temperature control is required. Test Environment ControlThe testing laboratory should be equipped with temperature and humidity control equipment to ensure that environmental conditions meet standard requirements. Especially for high-precision testing, a constant temperature of (20±1)°C is required. Testing Process PrecautionsDuring testing, pay attention to the instrument installation position to ensure that the instrument under test and the pressure reference position of the standard are on the same horizontal plane. When there is a height difference, the resulting error should be evaluated to ensure that it does not exceed 1/10 of the maximum allowable error. Data Processing Quality ControlData processing should be performed strictly in accordance with the calculation formulas in the appendix. All calculations must retain sufficient significant figures to avoid rounding errors in intermediate calculations affecting the final results. Application Value and Significance of the StandardThe implementation of GB/T 45962-2025 is of great significance to the meteorological instrument industry: First, it standardizes the test methods, providing a clear technical basis for instrument manufacturers and users, and promoting improved product quality and reliability. Secondly, it standardizes the testing process, ensures the accuracy and comparability of test results, and provides technical support for the quality control of meteorological observation data. Finally, it promotes technological progress. Through clear technical requirements, it encourages instrument manufacturers to continuously improve product performance and enhance the overall technical level of my country's meteorological instruments. This standard applies to instrument testing work by meteorological instrument manufacturers, metrology and verification institutions, meteorological observation stations, and other units. It is an important technical basis for the performance evaluation of atmospheric pressure measuring instruments. Sample only — not a preview of GB/T 45962-2025
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