GB/T 23931-2021 in English
VALIDTri-wheel vehicles—Test method
- Issued on:2021-10-11
- Implemented on:2022-05-01
- File Format:PDF
- Delivery:Via email within 1~3 business days
$272.00
《GB/T 23931-2021三轮汽车 试验方法》由TC234（全国低速汽车标准化技术委员会）归口，主管部门为中国机械工业联合会。
Introduction
Standard Revision Background and Technical Evolution
GB/T 23931-2021, as the core test standard in the field of three-wheeled vehicles, has undergone 12 major technical changes compared to the 2009 version, mainly responding to the needs of technological development and safety requirements for electric three-wheeled vehicles. The standard revision follows the standardization requirements of GB/T 1.1-2020, and the technical indicators are coordinated with the international low-speed vehicle test specifications.
Comparative analysis of core test methods
| Test items | Requirements of the 2009 version | Main points of changes in the 2021 version |
|---|---|---|
| Power performance test | Only traditional internal combustion engine models are specified | Added energy consumption rate test for electric models (referenced GB/T 18386) |
| Center of mass height determination | No separate method is specified | New normative Appendix A Torque balance method |
| Rain test | Does not cover fully enclosed cabs | New Chapter 21 Detailed Test Conditions (Precipitation Intensity 8-10mm/min) |
Detailed Explanation of Key Test Items
5.2 Determination of Mass Parameters
The three-point weighing method is used to measure the mass distribution in the empty/full-loaded state. The center of mass coordinate calculation formula is:
Longitudinal coordinate a = (Zjc×L)/(ms×g)
In the formula, measurement accuracy requirements: mass ≤1%, distance ≤1%, angle ≤0.1°
7.4 Gradeability Test
Two test schemes are provided:
- Real slope method: select a 20±1° slope and start the test in the lowest gear
- Traction simulation method: The critical traction force is measured by a dynamometer and converted according to the formula αmax=arcsin(FTmax/msg)
Special requirements for electric three-wheeled vehicles
Chapter 13 adds special tests for electric vehicle models:
- Insulation resistance test: ≥500Ω/V between power battery and vehicle body
- Short-time overload test: 2.5 times the rated current for 1 minute
- Charging interface compatibility: in accordance with GB/T 20234.1/2
Typical cases show that the driving range test of electric vehicles needs to be carried out at an ambient temperature of 20±5℃ and in accordance with the working conditions specified in GB/T 18386.
Implementation suggestions and precautions
1. Key points to check during the test preparation phase:
- Tire pressure error ≤±10 kPa (4.1.3)
- Load distribution height does not exceed the side panel of the carriage (4.1.4)
- Wind speed ≤3m/s (1.2m from the ground)
2. Safety protection requirements:
- Safety distance of rotating component protection cover ≥100mm
- Electric vehicles need to be equipped with insulation fault alarm device
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