earth station

earth station, Total:199 items.

The international standard classification for "earth station" includes: Radio relay and fixed satellite communications systems , audio, video and audiovisual engineering , Telecommunication systems in general .

The Chinese standard classification for "earth station" includes: Communication network transmission system interface , Basic standards and general methods , Marine communication equipment , Satellite communication equipment , Broadcasting, movie and television engineering , Satellite broadcasting equipment , Communication engineering , Technical management , Technical management , Social and public safety in general .

General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China

GB/T 15296-1994 General specification of equipments for transportable satellite communication earth station
GB 13615-2009 Electromagnetic environment protection requirements for earth stations
GB/T 12563-1990 Requirements of terrestrial interface for domestic satellite communications earth stations
GB/T 19491-2004 Technical requirements for INMARSAT B ship earth station
GB/T 11443.3-1989 Domestic satellite communication earth stations--General technical requirements--Part 3: Single channel per carrier
GB/T 13620-1992 Determination of coordination area and predication methods of interference between satellite communication earth station and terrestrial microwave station
GB/T 12401-1990 Specification of antenna (including feed network) and servo system used in domestic satellite communication earth stations
GB/T 11443.4-1989 Domestic satellite communication earth stations-Gereral technical requirements-Part 4:Television/frequency modulation carrier channel
GB 13615-1992 Electromagnetic environment protection requirements for earth stations
GB/T 11443.1-1989 Domestic satellite communication earth stations-General technical requirements-Part 1: Common performance
GB/T 11443.2-1989 Domestic satellite communication earth stations--General technical requirements--Part 2: Frequency division multiplex/frequency modulation telephony carriers
GB/T 15869-1995 General specification of satellite communicalion earth station for shipborne communication equipment for CDMA
GB/T 16982-1997 Technical requirements of INMARSAT Standard C ship earth station
GB/T 11443.5-1994 Domestic satellite communication earth stations - General technical requirements - Part 5: Intermediate data rate(IDR) digital carriers
GB/T 11444.3-1989 Transmitter, receiver and ground communication equipment used in domestic satellite communication earth stations-Technical requirements-Part 3: Equipment for television/frequency mod

Military Standard of the People's Republic of China-General Armament Department

GJB 6594-2008 General requirements for military satellite communication system earth stations monitoring & control
GJB 5957-2007 General test procedures of communication range Earth stations of satellite communication system
GJB 1146A-2007 Interfaces for the military sattellite communication earth station

Professional Standard - Radio Television Film

GY/T 182-2002 Operation and maintenance regulations of earth station for satellite digital radio and TV
GY/T 128-1995 Maintenance regulations of the C-Band satellite earth station for radio and TV
GYJ 44-1991 Specifications for construction of satellite broadcast and television earth stations
GY/T 5041-2012 Code for engineering design of satellite earth sataion transmitting video and audio signals
GYJ 41-1989 Design code for satellite broadcast and television earth stations

Professional Standard - Aerospace

QJ 2361-1992 General technical requirements for satellite communication earth stations

Professional Standard - Post and Telecommunication

YD/T 2472-2013 Technical specification for satellite communication earth station equipment - Low noise amplifier
YD/T 5017-2005 Specification of Execution and Acceptance of Equipment Installation Engineering for Domestic Satellite Communication Earth Station
YD/T 2473-2013 Technical requirement for satellite communication earth station equipment - High power amplifier
YD/T 2474-2013 Technical requirement for satellite communication earth station equipment - Up converte/Down converter
YD 5050-1997 Code for Engineering Design of the Domestic Satellite Communication Earth Station
YD 5197.2-2014 Specification for Seismic Test of Access Equipment Part 2:VSAT Satellite Earth Station Equipment
YD 5091.2-2014 Specification for Seismic Test of Transmission EquipmentPart2 Satellite Earth Station Transmission Equipment
YD/T 5028-2005 Specifications of Engineering Design for Very Small Earth Station (VSAT)System of Domestic Satellite Communication
YD 5050-2005 Specifications of Engineering Design for the Domestic Satellite Communication Earth Station
YD 5028-1996 Temporary Regulations of Engineering Design for Very Small Earth Station VSAT System of Domestic Satellite Communication
YDJ 22-1987 Temporary Technical Regulations for Engineering Design of Domestic Satellite Communication Earth Stations
YD 5017-1996 Technical Specification of Execution and Acceptance of Equipment Installation Engineering for Satellite Communication Earth Station
YD/T 2476-2013 Technical requirements for satellite communication earth station equipment - High power amplifier with up converters
YD/T 1003-1999 Measuring Methods of Electromagnetic Interference for the VSAT Earth Station in the Satellite communication
YD/T 2475-2013 Technical specification for satellite communication earth station equipment - Low noise frequency-conversion amplifier

Professional Standard - Electron

SJ 20555-1995 General specification for military small scale statellite communication earth station
SJ 20917-2004 General specifiation for mobile earth stations of UHF band tactical satellite communication
SJ 2940-1988 Reliability test method for electronic equipment of satellite communications ground stations

Professional Standard - Public Safety Standards

GA/T 528-2021 Technical specifications for satellite earth station of public security satellite communication network

国家市场监督管理总局、中国国家标准化管理委员会

GB/T 39847-2021 Verification test methods of access satellite network for FSS communication earth station

工业和信息化部

YD/T 3933-2021 General technical requirements for Ka- -band vehicle mounted satell ite commun icat ions earth station under stationary using
YD/T 3934-2021 General technical requirements for Ka-band vehicle mounted satell ite communications earth stat ion under mobi le us ing

ITU-R - International Telecommunication Union/ITU Radiocommunication Sector

ITU-R S.580-2-1990 Radiation Diagrams for Use as Design Objectives for Antennas of Earth Stations Operating with Geostationary Satellites - Section 4C - Earth Station and Baseband Characteristics - Earth Station Antennas - Maintenance of Earth Stations
ITU-R S.733-1992 Measurement of the G/T Ratio for Earth Stations Operating in the Fixed-Satellite Service - Section 4C - Earth Station and Baseband Characteristics - Earth Station Antennas - Maintenance of Earth Stations
ITU-R S.580-3-1992 Radiation Diagrams for Use as Design Objectives for Antennas of Earth Stations Operating with Geostationary Satellites - Section 4C - Earth Station and Baseband Characteristics - Earth Station Antennas - Maintenance of Earth Stations
ITU-R S.465-4-1992 Reference Earth-Station Radiation Pattern for Use in Coordination and Interference Assessment in the Frequency Range from 2 to About 30 GHz - Section 4C - Earth Station and Baseband Characteristics - Earth Station Antennas - Maintenance of Earth Stations
ITU-R S.465-3-1990 Reference Earth-Station Radiation Pattern for Use in Coordination and Interference Assessment in the Frequency Range from 2 to About 30 GHz - Section 4C - Earth Station and Baseband Characteristics - Earth Station Antennas - Maintenance of Earth Stations
ITU-R S.464-1-1982 Pre-Emphasis Characteristics for Frequency-Modulation Systems for Frequency-Division Multiplex Telephony in the Fixed- Satellite Service - Section 4C - Earth Station and Baseband Characteristics - Earth Station Antennas - Maintenance of Earth Stations

SCC

DANSK DS/EN 301 441 V2.1.1:2016 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Harmonised Standard for Mobile Earth Stations (MES), including handheld earth stations, for Satellite Personal Communications Networks (S-PCN) operating in the 1,6 GHz/2,4 GHz frequency band under the Mobile ...

ETSI - European Telecommunications Standards Institute

PRETS 300 158-1991 Satellite Earth Stations (SES); Television Receive-Only (TVRO) Satellite Earth Stations (DE/SES-4001)
PRETS 300 327-1993 Satellite Earth Stations (SES); Satellite News Gathering (SNG) Transportable Earth Stations (TES) (13-14/11-12 GHz)
ETR 169-1995 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Common Technical Regulations (CTRs) in the Satellite Earth Station Equipment Field

ES-UNE

UNE-EN 303372-1 V1.1.1:2016 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Satellite broadcast reception equipment; Harmonised Standard covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the Directive 2014/53/EU; Part 1: Outdoor unit receiving in the 10,7 GHz to 12,75 GHz frequen...
UNE-EN 301721 V1.1.1:2020 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Harmonized EN for Mobile Earth Stations (MES) providing Low Bit Rate Data Communications (LBRDC) using Low Earth Orbiting (LEO) satellites operating below 1 GHz covering essential requirements under Article 3...
UNE-TBR 43 Ed1:2022 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT) transmit-only, transmit-and-receive, receive-only satellite earth stations operating in the 4 GHz and 6 GHz frequency bands (Endorsed by Asociación Española de Normalizac...
UNE-EN 301721 V2.1.1:2016 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Harmonised Standard for Mobile Earth Stations (MES) providing Low Bit Rate Data Communications (LBRDC) using Low Earth Orbiting (LEO) satellites operating below 1 GHz frequency band covering the essential req...
UNE-EN 301442 V2.1.1:2016 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Harmonised Standard for NGSO Mobile Earth Stations (MES) including handheld earth stations, for Satellite Personal Communications Networks (S-PCN) operating in the 1 980 MHz to 2 010 MHz (earth-to-space) and ...
UNE-EN 302574-2 V1.1.1:2014 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Harmonized Standard for satellite earth stations for MSS operating in the 1 980 MHz to 2 010 MHz (earth-to-space) and 2 170 MHz to 2 200 MHz (space-to-earth) frequency bands; Part 2: User Equipment (UE) for w...
UNE-EN 302574-1 V1.1.1:2014 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Harmonized Standard for satellite earth stations for MSS operating in the 1 980 MHz to 2 010 MHz (earth-to-space) and 2 170 MHz to 2 200 MHz (space-to-earth) frequency bands; Part 1: Complementary Ground Comp...
UNE-EN 302186 V2.2.1:2021 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Satellite mobile Aircraft Earth Stations (AESs) operating in the 11/12/14 GHz frequency bands; Harmonised Standard for access to radio spectrum (Endorsed by Asociación Española de Normalización in July of ...
UNE-EN 302448 V2.1.1:2016 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Harmonised Standard for tracking Earth Stations on Trains (ESTs) operating in the 14/12 GHz frequency bands covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the Directive 2014/53/EU (Endorsed by AENOR in...
UNE-ETS 300332 Ed1:2022 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES);Transmit/receive Very Small Aperture Terminals (VSATs) used for data communications operating in the Fixed Satellite Service (FSS) 6 GHz and 4 GHz frequency bands (Endorsed by Asociación Española de Normaliz...
UNE-EN 301428 V2.1.1:2016 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Harmonised Standard for Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT); Transmit-only, transmit/receive or receive-only satellite earth stations operating in the 11/12/14 GHz frequency bands covering the essential requi...
UNE-EN 301444 V1.2.2:2014 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Harmonized EN for Land Mobile Earth Stations (LMES) operating in the 1,5 GHz and 1,6 GHz bands providing voice and/or data communications covering essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE direct...
UNE-EN 300487 V2.1.2:2017 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Harmonised Standard for Receive-Only Mobile Earth Stations (ROMES) providing data communications operating in the 1,5 GHz frequency band; Radio Frequency (RF) specifications covering the essential requirement...
UNE-EN 301443 V1.1.1:2005 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Harmonized EN for Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT); Transmit-only, transmit-and-receive, receive-only satellite earth stations operating in the 4 GHz and 6 GHz frequency bands covering essential requiremen...
UNE-EN 303980 V1.2.1:2021 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Fixed and in-motion Earth Stations communicating with non-geostationary satellite systems (NEST) in the 11 GHz to 14 GHz frequency bands; Harmonised Standard for access to radio spectrum (Endorsed by Asociaci...
UNE-EN 301426 V1.1.1:2011 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES);Harmonized EN for Low data rate Land Mobile satellite Earth Stations (LMES) operating in the 1,5/1,6 GHz frequency bands covering essential requirements under article 3.2 of the R&TTE directive (Endorsed b...
UNE-EN 302574-2 V2.1.2:2016 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Harmonised Standard for Mobile Earth Stations (MES) operating in the 1 980 MHz to 2 010 MHz (earth-to-space) and 2 170 MHz to 2 200 MHz (space-to-earth) frequency bands covering the essential requirements of ...
UNE-EN 303699 V1.1.1:2021 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Fixed earth stations communicating with non-geostationary satellite systems in the 20 GHz and 30 GHz FSS bands; Harmonised Standard for access to radio spectrum (Endorsed by Asociación Española de Normaliza...
UNE-EN 301426 V1.2.1:2011 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Harmonized EN for Low data rate Land Mobile satellite Earth Stations (LMES) and Maritime Mobile satellite Earth Stations (MMES) not intended for distress and safety communications operating in the 1,5/1,6 GHz...
UNE-EN 301430 V2.1.1:2016 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Harmonised Standard for Satellite News Gathering Transportable Earth Stations (SNG TES) operating in the 11 GHz to 12 GHz/13 GHz to 14 GHz frequency bands covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of...
UNE-EN 303978 V1.1.2:2013 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Harmonized EN for Earth Stations on Mobile Platforms (ESOMP) transmitting towards satellites in geostationary orbit in the 27,5 GHz to 30,0 GHz frequency bands covering the essential requirements of article 3...
UNE-EN 301360 V1.2.1:2014 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES);Harmonized EN for Satellite Interactive Terminals (SIT) and Satellite User Terminals (SUT) transmitting towards geostationary satellites in the 27,5 GHz to 29,5 GHz frequency bands covering essential requireme...
UNE-EN 302448 V1.1.1:2008 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Harmonized EN for tracking Earth Stations on Trains (ESTs) operating in the 14/12 GHz frequency bands covering essential requirements under article 3.2 of the R&TTE directive (Endorsed by AENOR in Novembe...
UNE-EN 302574-2 V2.1.1:2016 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Harmonised Standard for Mobile Earth Stations (MES) operating in the 1 980 MHz to 2 010 MHz (earth-to-space) and 2 170 MHz to 2 200 MHz (space-to-earth) frequency bands covering the essential requirements of ...
UNE-EN 301441 V2.1.1:2016 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Harmonised Standard for Mobile Earth Stations (MES), including handheld earth stations, for Satellite Personal Communications Networks (S-PCN) operating in the 1,6 GHz/2,4 GHz frequency band under the Mobile ...
UNE-EN 301681 V2.1.2:2017 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Harmonised Standard for Mobile Earth Stations (MES) of Geostationary mobile satellite systems, including handheld earth stations, for Satellite Personal Communications Networks (S-PCN) under the Mobile Satell...
UNE-EN 303978 V2.1.1:2016 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES) - Harmonised Standard for Earth Stations on Mobile Platforms (ESOMP) transmitting towards satellites in geostationary orbit, operating in the 27,5 GHz to 30,0 GHz frequency bands covering the essential require...
UNE-ETS 300424 Ed1:2022 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES);Network Control Facilities (NCF) for Land Mobile Earth Stations (LMES) operating in the 1,5/1,6 GHz bands providing voice and/or data communications (Endorsed by Asociación Española de Normalización in Augu...
UNE-EN 301473 V2.1.2:2017 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Harmonised Standard for Aircraft Earth Stations (AES) providing Aeronautical Mobile Satellite Service (AMSS)/Mobile Satellite Service (MSS) and/or the Aeronautical Mobile Satellite on Route Service (AMS(R)S)/...
UNE-EN 301473 V1.4.1:2020 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Aircraft Earth Stations (AES) operating below 3 GHz under the Aeronautical Mobile Satellite Service (AMSS)/Mobile Satellite Service (MSS) and/or the Aeronautical Mobile Satellite on Route Service (AMS(R)S)/Mo...
UNE-EN 302186 V1.1.1:2014 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES);Harmonized EN for satellite mobile Aircraft Earth Stations (AESs) operating in the 11/12/14 GHz frequency bands covering essential requirements under article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive (Endorsed by AENOR i...
UNE-EN 301681 V1.4.1:2012 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Harmonized EN for Mobile Earth Stations (MESs) of Geostationary mobile satellite systems, including handheld earth stations, for Satellite Personal Communications Networks (S-PCN) in the 1,5/1,6 GHz bands und...
UNE-EN 303979 V2.1.2:2016 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Harmonised Standard for Earth Stations on Mobile Platforms (ESOMP) transmitting towards satellites in non-geostationary orbit, operating in the 27,5 GHz to 29,1 GHz and 29,5 GHz to 30,0 GHz frequency bands co...
UNE-EN 302977 V1.1.0:2009 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES);Harmonized EN for Vehicle-Mounted Earth Stations (VMES) operating in the 12/14 GHz frequency bands covering essential requirements under article 3.2 of the R&TTE directive (Endorsed by AENOR in September o...
UNE-EN 303981 V1.2.1:2021 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Fixed and in-motion Wide Band Earth Stations communicating with non-geostationary satellite systems (WBES) in the 11 GHz to 14 GHz frequency bands; Harmonised Standard for access to radio spectrum (Endorsed b...
UNE-EN 301427 V2.1.1:2016 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Harmonised Standard for low data rate Mobile satellite Earth Stations (MES) except aeronautical mobile satellite earth stations, operating in the 11/12/14 GHz frequency bands covering the essential requiremen...
UNE-EN 302574-1 V2.1.2:2016 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Harmonised Standard for Mobile Earth Stations (MES) operating in the 1 980 MHz to 2 010 MHz (earth-to-space) and 2 170 MHz to 2 200 MHz (space-to-earth) frequency bands covering the essential requirements of ...
UNE-EN 301360 V2.1.1:2016 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Harmonised Standard for Satellite Interactive Terminals (SIT) and Satellite User Terminals (SUT) transmitting towards satellites in geostationary orbit, operating in the 27,5 GHz to 29,5 GHz frequency bands c...
UNE-EN 301428 V1.3.1:2014 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES);Harmonized EN for Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT);Transmit-only, transmit/receive or receive-only satellite earth stations operating in the 11/12/14 GHz frequency bands covering essential requirements unde...
UNE-EN 303372-1 V1.2.1:2021 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Satellite broadcast reception equipment; Part 1: Outdoor unit receiving in the 10,7 GHz to 12,75 GHz frequency band; Harmonised Standard for access to radio spectrum (Endorsed by Asociación Española de Norm...
UNE-ETS 300460 Ed1:2022 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Maritime Mobile Earth Stations (MMES) operating in the 1,5/1,6 GHz bands providing Low Bit Rate Data Communications (LBRDC) for the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS); Technical characteristic...
UNE-EN 301428 V1.2.1:2020 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Harmonized EN for Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT); Transmit-only, transmit/receive or receive-only satellite earth stations operating in the 11/12/14 GHz frequency bands covering essential requirements un...
UNE-EN 301444 V2.1.2:2017 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Harmonised Standard for Land Mobile Earth Stations (LMES) providing voice and/or data communications, operating in the 1,5 GHz and 1,6 GHz frequency bands covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of...
UNE-EN 301443 V2.1.1:2016 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Harmonised Standard for Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT); Transmit-only, transmit-and-receive, receive-only satellite earth stations operating in the 4 GHz and 6 GHz frequency bands covering the essential ...
UNE-EN 301426 V2.1.2:2017 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Harmonised Standard for Low data rate Land Mobile satellite Earth Stations (LMES) and Maritime Mobile satellite Earth Stations (MMES) not intended for distress and safety communications operating in the 1,5 G...
UNE-ETS 300740 Ed1:2023 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES);Maritime Mobile Earth Stations (MMES) operating in the 1,5/1,6 GHz bands providing Low Bit Rate Data Communications (LBRDC) in the Maritime Mobile Satellite Service (MMSS), not intended for distress and safety...
UNE-EN 301427 V1.2.1:2005 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Harmonized EN for Low data rate Mobile satellite Earth Stations (MESs) except aeronautical mobile satellite earth stations, operating in the 11/12/14 GHz frequency bands covering essential requirements under ...
UNE-EN 301444 V1.1.1:2012 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Harmonized EN for Land Mobile Earth Stations (LMES) operating in the 1,5 GHz and 1,6 GHz bands providing voice and/or data communications covering essential requirements under Article 3.2 of the R&TTE dir...
UNE-EN 302574-3 V1.1.1:2014 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Harmonized Standard for satellite earth stations for MSS operating in the 1 980 MHz to 2 010 MHz (earth-to-space) and 2 170 MHz to 2 200 MHz (space-to- earth) frequency bands; Part 3: User Equipment (UE) for ...
UNE-EN 302186 V2.1.1:2016 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Harmonised Standard for satellite mobile Aircraft Earth Stations (AESs) operating in the 11/12/14 GHz frequency bands covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the Directive 2014/53/EU (Endorsed b...
UNE-EN 302550-1-2 V1.1.1:2022 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES);Satellite Digital Radio (SDR) Systems;Part 1: Physical Layer of the Radio Interface;Sub-part 2: Inner Physical Layer Single Carrier Modulation (Endorsed by Asociación Española de Normalización in January of...
UNE-EN 301443 V1.3.1:2014 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES);Harmonized EN for Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT);Transmit-only, transmit-and-receive, receive-only satellite earth stations operating in the 4 GHz and 6 GHz frequency bands covering essential requirements...
UNE-EN 302574-1 V2.1.1:2016 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Harmonised Standard for Mobile Earth Stations (MES) operating in the 1 980 MHz to 2 010 MHz (earth-to-space) and 2 170 MHz to 2 200 MHz (space-to-earth) frequency bands covering the essential requirements of ...
UNE-EN 303981 V1.3.1:2022 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Fixed and in-motion Wide Band Earth Stations communicating with non-geostationary satellite systems (WBES) in the 11 GHz to 14 GHz frequency bands; Harmonised Standard for access to radio spectrum (Endorsed b...
UNE-EN 301473 V1.2.2:2020 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Aircraft Earth Stations (AES) operating under the Aeronautical Mobile Satellite Service (AMSS)/Mobile Satellite Service (MSS) and/or the Aeronautical Mobile Satellite on Route Service (AMS(R)S)/Mobile Satelli...
UNE-EN 301444 V1.2.1:2012 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Harmonized EN for Land Mobile Earth Stations (LMES) operating in the 1,5 GHz and 1,6 GHz bands providing voice and/or data communications covering essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE direct...
UNE-EN 302977 V2.1.1:2016 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Harmonised Standard for Vehicle-Mounted Earth Stations (VMES) operating in the 14/12 GHz frequency bands covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the Directive 2014/53/EU (Endorsed by AENOR in De...
UNE-EN 301459 V1.3.3:2007 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Harmonized EN for Satellite Interactive Terminals (SIT) and Satellite User Terminals (SUT) transmitting towards satellites in geostationary orbit in the 29,5 GHz to 30,0 GHz frequency bands covering essential...
UNE-ETS 300282 Ed1:2022 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES);Network Control Facilities (NCF) for Land Mobile Earth Stations (LMES) operating in the 1,5/1,6 GHz bands and 11/12/14 GHz bands providing Low Bit Rate Data Communications (LBRDC) (Endorsed by Asociación Espa...
UNE-EN 303978 V2.1.2:2016 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES) - Harmonised Standard for Earth Stations on Mobile Platforms (ESOMP) transmitting towards satellites in geostationary orbit, operating in the 27,5 GHz to 30,0 GHz frequency bands covering the essential require...
UNE-EN 303979 V2.1.1:2016 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Harmonised Standard for Earth Stations on Mobile Platforms (ESOMP) transmitting towards satellites in non-geostationary orbit, operating in the 27,5 GHz to 29,1 GHz and 29,5 GHz to 30,0 GHz frequency bands co...
UNE-EN 301473 V1.3.1:2020 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Aircraft Earth Stations (AES) operating under the Aeronautical Mobile Satellite Service (AMSS)/Mobile Satellite Service (MSS) and/or the Aeronautical Mobile Satellite on Route Service (AMS(R)S)/Mobile Satelli...
UNE-EN 303413 V1.2.1:2021 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers; Radio equipment operating in the 1 164 MHz to 1 300 MHz and 1 559 MHz to 1 610 MHz frequency bands; Harmonised Standard for access to radio spectrum (Endor...
UNE-EN 301459 V2.1.1:2016 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Harmonised Standard for Satellite Interactive Terminals (SIT) and Satellite User Terminals (SUT) transmitting towards satellites in geostationary orbit, operating in the 29,5 GHz to 30,0 GHz frequency bands c...
UNE-EN 301447 V2.1.1:2016 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Harmonised Standard for satellite Earth Stations on board Vessels (ESVs) operating in the 4/6 GHz frequency bands allocated to the Fixed Satellite Service (FSS) covering the essential requirements of article ...
UNE-EN 301459 V1.3.1:2020 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Harmonized EN for Satellite Interactive Terminals (SIT) and Satellite User Terminals (SUT) transmitting towards satellites in geostationary orbit in the 29,5 GHz to 30,0 GHz frequency bands covering essential...
UNE-EN 303980 V1.3.1:2022 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Fixed and in-motion Earth Stations communicating with non-geostationary satellite systems (NEST) in the 11 GHz to 14 GHz frequency bands; Harmonised Standard for access to radio spectrum (Endorsed by Asociaci...
UNE-EN 301681 V1.3.2:2005 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Harmonized EN for Mobile Earth Stations (MESs) of Geostationary mobile satellite systems, including handheld earth stations, for Satellite Personal Communications Networks (S-PCN) in the 1,5/1,6 GHz bands und...
UNE-EN 302550-1-3 V1.1.1:2022 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES);Satellite Digital Radio (SDR) Systems;Part 1: Physical Layer of the Radio Interface;Sub-part 3: Inner Physical Layer Multi Carrier Modulation (Endorsed by Asociación Española de Normalización in January of ...
UNE-EN 303979 V1.1.1:2016 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Harmonised EN for Earth Stations on Mobile Platforms (ESOMP) transmitting towards satellites in non-geostationary orbit in the 27,5 GHz to 29,1 GHz and 29,5 GHz to 30,0 GHz frequency bands covering the essent...
UNE-EN 303980 V1.1.1:2018 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Harmonised Standard for fixed and in-motion Earth Stations communicating with non-geostationary satellite systems (NEST) in the 11 GHz to 14 GHz frequency bands covering essential requirements of article 3.2 ...
UNE-ETS 300459 Ed1:2022 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES);Network Control Facilities (NCF) for Maritime Mobile Earth Stations (MMES) operating in the 1,5/1,6 GHz and 11/12/14 GHz bands providing Low Bit Rate Data Communications (LBRDC) (Endorsed by Asociación Españ...
UNE-EN 301459 V1.4.1:2014 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES);Harmonized EN for Satellite Interactive Terminals (SIT) and Satellite User Terminals (SUT) transmitting towards satellites in geostationary orbit in the 29,5 GHz to 30,0 GHz frequency bands covering essential ...
UNE-EN 301444 V2.2.1:2021 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Land Mobile Earth Stations (LMES) and Mari-time Mobile Earth Stations (MMES) providing voice and/or data communications, operating in the 1,5 GHz and 1,6 GHz frequency bands; Harmonised Standard for access to...
UNE-ETS 300460/A1 Ed1:2022 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES);Maritime Mobile Earth Stations (MMES) operating in the 1,5/1,6 GHz bands providing Low Bit Rate Data Communications (LBRDC) for the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS);Technical characteristics ...
UNE-EN 301442 V1.2.1:2014 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES);Harmonized EN for Mobile Earth Stations (MESs), including handheld earth stations, for Satellite Personal Communications Networks (S-PCN) in the 2,0 GHz bands under the Mobile Satellite Service (MSS) covering ...
UNE-EN 302340 V2.1.1:2016 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Harmonised Standard for satellite Earth Stations on board Vessels (ESVs) operating in the 11/12/14 GHz frequency bands allocated to the Fixed Satellite Service (FSS) covering the essential requirements of art...
UNE-EN 302574-3 V2.1.1:2016 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Harmonised Standard for Mobile Earth Stations (MES) operating in the 1 980 MHz to 2 010 MHz (earth-to-space) and 2 170 MHz to 2 200 MHz (space-to-earth) frequency bands covering the essential requirements of ...
UNE-ETS 300159 Ed1:2005 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Transmit/receive Very Small Aperture Terminals (VSATs) used for data communications operating in the Fixed Satellite Service (FSS) 11/12/14 GHz frequency bands (Endorsed by AENOR in May of 2005.)
UNE-ETS 300487 Ed1/A1:2005 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Receive-Only Mobile Earth Stations (ROMES) operating in the 1,5 GHz band providing data communications; Radio Frequency (RF) specifications (Endorsed by AENOR in May of 2005.)
UNE-EN 300721 V1.2.2:2008 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Mobile Earth Stations (MES) providing Low Bit Rate Data Communications (LBRDC) using Low Earth Orbiting (LEO) satellites operating below 1 GHz (Endorsed by AENOR in November of 2008.)
UNE-ETS 300160 Ed2:2005 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Control and monitoring functions at a Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT) (Endorsed by AENOR in May of 2005.)
UNE-EN 301926 V1.3.1:2018 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Radio Frequency and Modulation Standard for Telemetry, Command and Ranging (TCR) of Communications Satellites (Endorsed by Asociación Española de Normalización in December of 2018.)
UNE-ETS 300333 Ed1:2022 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES);Receive-only Very Small Aperture Terminals (VSATs) used for data distribution operating in the 4 GHz frequency band (Endorsed by Asociación Española de Normalización in June of 2022.)
UNE-ETS 300721 Ed1:2023 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES);Mobile Earth Stations (MES) providing Low Bit Rate Data Communications (LBRDC) using LEO satellites operating below 1 GHz (Endorsed by Asociación Española de Normalización in January of 2023.)
UNE-TBR 44 Ed1:2022 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Land Mobile Earth Stations (LMES) operating in the 1,5 GHz and 1,6 GHz bands providing voice and/or data communications (Endorsed by Asociación Española de Normalización in February of 2022.)
UNE-ETS 300161 Ed2:2005 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Centralized control and monitoring functions for Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT) networks (Endorsed by AENOR in May of 2005.)
UNE-ETS 300161 Ed1:2005 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Centralized control and monitoring functions for Very Small Aperturte Terminals (VSATs) networks (Endorsed by AENOR in May of 2005.)
UNE-ETS 300456 Ed1:2022 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES);Test methods for Very Small Aperture Terminals (VSATs) operating in the 11/12/14 GHz frequency bands (Endorsed by Asociación Española de Normalización in September of 2022.
UNE-ETS 300255 Ed1:2022 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES);Land Mobile Earth Stations (LMESs) operating in the 11/12/14 GHz bands providing Low Bit Rate Data Communications (LBRDC) (Endorsed by Asociación Española de Normalización in May of 2022.)
UNE-ETS 300254 Ed1:2022 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES);Land Mobile Earth Stations (LMES) operating in the 1,5/1,6 GHz bands providing Low Bit Rate Data Communications (LBRDC) (Endorsed by Asociación Española de Normalización in May of 2022.)
UNE-ETS 300159 Ed2:2005 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Transmit-only or transmit-and-receive Very Small Aperture Terminals (VSATs) used for communications operating in the Fixed Satellite Service (FSS) 11/12/14 GHz frequency bands (Endorsed by AENOR in May of 2005.)
UNE-ETS 300157 Ed2:2005 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Receive-only Very Small Aperture Terminals (VSATs) operating in the 11/12 GHz frequency bands (Endorsed by AENOR in May of 2005.)
UNE-ETS 300327 Ed1:2022 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES);Satellite News Gathering (SNG) Transportable Earth Stations (TES) (13-14/11-12 GHz) (Endorsed by Asociación Española de Normalización in June of 2022.)
UNE-EN 302550-1-1 V1.1.1:2022 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES);Satellite Digital Radio (SDR) Systems;Part 1: Physical Layer of the Radio Interface;Sub-part 1: Outer Physical Layer (Endorsed by Asociación Española de Normalización in January of 2022.)
UNE-ETS 300249 Ed1:2022 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES);Television Receive-Only (TVRO) equipment used in the Broadcasting Satellite Service (BSS) (Endorsed by Asociación Española de Normalización in May of 2022.)
UNE-EN 303372-2 V1.2.1:2021 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Satellite broadcast reception equipment; Part 2: Indoor unit; Harmonised Standard for access to radio spectrum (Endorsed by Asociación Española de Normalización in September of 2021.)
UNE-ETS 300333 Ed2:2022 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES);Receive-only Very Small Aperture Terminals (VSATs) operating in the 4 GHz frequency band (Endorsed by Asociación Española de Normalización in June of 2022.)
UNE-ETS 300160 Ed1:2005 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Control and monitoring functions at a Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT) (Endorsed by AENOR in May of 2005.)
UNE-EN 301927 V1.1.1:2021 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES);European Co-operation for Space Standardization (ECSS);Satellite Software Data Handling Interfaces (SSDHI) (Endorsed by Asociación Española de Normalización in December of 2021.)
UNE-EN 301926 V1.2.1:2020 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Radio Frequency and Modulation Standard for Telemetry, Command and Ranging (TCR) of Geostationary Communications Satellites (Endorsed by Asociación Española de Normalización in July of 2020.)
UNE-ETS 300487 Ed1:2005 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Receive-Only Mobile Earth Stations (ROMES) operating in the 1,5 GHz band providing data communications; Radio Frequency (RF) specifications (Endorsed by AENOR in May of 2005.)
UNE-ETS 300158 Ed1:2005 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Television Receive Only (TVRO-FSS) Satellite Earth Stations operating in the 11/12 GHz FSS bands (Endorsed by AENOR in May of 2005.)
UNE-ETS 300784 Ed1:2023 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES);Television Receive-Only (TVRO) satellite earth stations operating in the 11/12 GHz frequency bands (Endorsed by Asociación Española de Normalización in January of 2023.)
UNE-ETS 300423 Ed1:2022 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES);Land Mobile Earth Stations (LMES) operating in the 1,5 / 1,6 GHz bands providing voice and/or data communications (Endorsed by Asociación Española de Normalización in August of 2022.)
UNE-ETS 300194 Ed1:2022 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES);The interconnection of Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT) systems to Packet Switched Public Data Networks (PSPDNs) (Endorsed by Asociación Española de Normalización in April of 2022.)
UNE-ETS 300157 Ed1:2005 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Receive-only Very Small Aperture Terminals (VSATs) used for data distribution operating in the 11/12 GHz frequency bands (Endorsed by AENOR in May of 2005.)

German Institute for Standardization

DIN EN 302977:2016-08 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES) - Harmonised Standard for Vehicle-Mounted Earth Stations (VMES) operating in the 14/12 GHz frequency bands covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the Directive 2014/53/EU (Endorsement of the Eng...
DIN EN 303979:2017-05 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES) - Harmonised Standard for Earth Stations on Mobile Platforms (ESOMP) transmitting towards satellites in non-geostationary orbit, operating in the 27,5 GHz to 29,1 GHz and 29,5 GHz to 30,0 GHz frequency bands c...
DIN EN 301443:2016-08 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES) - Harmonised Standard for Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT) - Transmit-only, transmit-and-receive, receive-only satellite earth stations operating in the 4 GHz and 6 GHz frequency bands covering the essentia...
DIN EN 301427:2016-09 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES) - Harmonised Standard for low data rate Mobile satellite Earth Stations (MES) except aeronautical mobile satellite earth stations, operating in the 11/12/14 GHz frequency bands covering the essential requireme...
DIN EN 302550-1-1:2010-08 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES) - Satellite Digital Radio (SDR) Systems - Part 1: Physical Layer of Radio Interface - Sub-part 1: Outer Physical Layer (Endorsement of the English version EN 302550-1-1 V1.1.1 (2010-02) as German standard) / N...
DIN EN 301459:2016-08 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES) - Harmonised Standard for Satellite Interactive Terminals (SIT) and Satellite User Terminals (SUT) transmitting towards satellites in geostationary orbit operating in the 29,5 GHz to 30,0 GHz frequency bands c...
DIN EN 300487:2017-02 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES) - Harmonised Standard for Receive-Only Mobile Earth Stations (ROMES) providing data communications operating in the 1,5 GHz frequency band - Radio Frequency (RF) specifications covering the essential requireme...
DIN EN 302550-1-3:2010-08 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES) - Satellite Digital Radio (SDR) Systems - Part 1: Physical Layer of Radio Interface - Sub-part 3: Inner Physical Layer Multi Carrier Modulation (Endorsement of the English version EN 302550-1-3 V1.1.1 (2010-02...
DIN EN 302574-1:2017-05 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES) - Harmonised Standard for Mobile Earth Stations (MES) operating in the 1980 MHz to 2010 MHz (earth-to-space) and 2170 MHz to 2200 MHz (space-to-earth) frequency bands covering the essential requirements of art...
DIN EN 303372-2:2021-12 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES) - Satellite broadcast reception equipment - Part 2: Indoor unit - Harmonised Standard for access to radio spectrum (Endorsement of the English version EN 303 372-2 V1.2.1 (2021-06) as a German standard) / Note...
DIN ETS 300460/A1:1998-12 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES) - Maritime Mobile Earth Stations (MMESs) operating in the 1,5/1,6 GHz bands providing Low Bit Rate Data Communications (LBRDCs) for the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) - Technical characteri...
DIN EN 301927:2003-11 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES) - European Co-operation for Space Standardization (ECSS) - Satellite Software Data Handling Interfaces (SSDHI) (Endorsement of the English version EN 301927 V 1.1.1 (2003-02) as German standard) / Note: ETS st...
DIN EN 301447:2016-08 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES) - Harmonised Standard for satellite Earth Stations on board Vessels (ESVs) operating in the 4/6 GHz frequency bands allocated to the Fixed Satellite Service (FSS) covering the essential requirements of article...
DIN EN 302574-2:2017-05 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES) - Harmonised Standard for Mobile Earth Stations (MES) operating in the 1980 MHz to 2010 MHz (earth-to-space) and 2170 MHz to 2200 MHz (space-to-earth) frequency bands covering the essential requirements of art...
DIN EN 303980:2023-05 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES) - Fixed and in-motion Earth Stations communicating with non-geostationary satellite systems (NEST) in the 11 GHz to 14 GHz frequency bands - Harmonised Standard for access to radio spectrum (Endorsement of the...
DIN EN 301473:2017-02 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES) - Harmonised Standard for Aircraft Earth Stations (AES) providing Aeronautical Mobile Satellite Service (AMSS)/Mobile Satellite Service (MSS) and/or the Aeronautical Mobile Satellite on Route Service (AMS(R)S)...
DIN EN 301441:2016-09 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES) - Harmonised Standard for Mobile Earth Stations (MES), including handheld earth stations, for Satellite Personal Communications Networks (S-PCN) operating in the 1,6 GHz/2,4 GHz frequency band under the Mobile...
DIN EN 302340:2016-10 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES) - Harmonised Standard for satellite Earth Stations on board Vessels (ESVs) operating in the 11/12/14 GHz frequency bands allocated to the Fixed Satellite Service (FSS) covering the essential requirements of ar...
DIN EN 301721:2016-08 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES) - Harmonised Standard for Mobile Earth Stations (MES) providing Low Bit Rate Data Communications (LBRDC) using Low Earth Orbiting (LEO) satellites operating below 1 GHz frequency band covering the essential re...
DIN EN 301426:2017-02 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES) - Harmonised Standard for Low data rate Land Mobile satellite Earth Stations (LMES) and Maritime Mobile satellite Earth Stations (MMES) not intended for distress and safety communications operating in the 1,5 ...
DIN EN 302448:2016-09 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES) - Harmonised Standard for tracking Earth Stations on Trains (ESTs) operating in the 14/12 GHz frequency bands covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the Directive 2014/53/EU (Endorsement of the ...
DIN EN 301926:2018-05 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES) - Radio Frequency and Modulation Standard for Telemetry, Command and Ranging (TCR) of Communications Satellites (Endorsement of the English version EN 301 926 V1.3.1 (2017-10) as German standard) / Note: DIN E...
DIN EN 302574-3:2016-11 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES) - Harmonised Standard for Mobile Earth Stations (MES) operating in the 1 980 MHz to 2 010 MHz (earth-to-space) and 2 170 MHz to 2 200 MHz (space-to-earth) frequency bands covering the essential requirements of...
DIN EN 301681:2017-02 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES) - Harmonised Standard for Mobile Earth Stations (MES) of Geostationary mobile satellite systems, including handheld earth stations, for Satellite Personal Communications Networks (S-PCN) under the Mobile Satel...
DIN EN 302550-1-2:2010-08 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES) - Satellite Digital Radio (SDR) Systems - Part 1: Physical Layer of Radio Interface - Sub-part 2: Inner Physical Layer Single Carrier Modulation (Endorsement of the English version EN 302550-1-2 V1.1.1 (2010-0...
DIN EN 303372-1:2021-12 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES) - Satellite broadcast reception equipment - Part 1: Outdoor unit receiving in the 10,7 GHz to 12,75 GHz frequency band - Harmonised Standard for access to radio spectrum (Endorsement of the English version EN ...
DIN EN 302186:2021-10 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES) - Satellite mobile Aircraft Earth Stations (AESs) operating in the 11/12/14 GHz frequency bands - Harmonised Standard for access to radio spectrum (Endorsement of the English version EN 302 186 V2.2.1 (2021-05...
DIN EN 301360:2016-09 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES) - Harmonised Standard for Satellite Interactive Terminals (SIT) and Satellite User Terminals (SUT) transmitting towards satellites in geostationary orbit, operating in the 27,5 GHz to 29,5 GHz frequency bands ...
DIN EN 301430:2016-08 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES) - Harmonised Standard for Satellite News Gathering Transportable Earth Stations (SNG TES) operating in the 11 GHz to 12 GHz/13 GHz to 14 GHz frequency bands covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 o...
DIN EN 301442:2016-08 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES) - Harmonised Standard for NGSO Mobile Earth Stations (MESs) including handheld earth stations, for Satellite Personal Communications Networks (S-PCN) in the 1980 MHz to 2010 MHz (earth-to-space) and 2170 MHz t...
DIN EN 303978:2017-05 Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES) - Harmonised Standard for Earth Stations on Mobile Platforms (ESOMP) transmitting towards satellites in geostationary orbit, operating in the 27,5 GHz to 30,0 GHz frequency bands covering the essential require...

International Telecommunication Union (ITU)

ITU-R S.734 FRENCH-1992 THE APPLICATION OF INTERFERENCE CANCELLERS IN THE FIXED-SATELLITE SERVICE
ITU-R S.734 SPANISH-1992 THE APPLICATION OF INTERFERENCE CANCELLERS IN THE FIXED-SATELLITE SERVICE
ITU-R RAPPORT 922-1 FRENCH-1986 REFERENCE RADIATION PATTERN FOR SHIP EARTH-STATION ANTENNAS DIAGRAMME DE RAYONNEMENT DE R蒄蒖ENCE DES ANTENNES DE STATIONS TERRIENNES DE NAVIRE

Association Francaise de Normalisation

NF EN 301444:2021 Satellite communications systems and earth stations (SES) - Land mobile earth stations (LMES) and maritime mobile earth stations (MMES) performing voice and/or data communications, operating in the bands...
NF EN 301442:2010 Satellite Earth Stations (SES) and Systems - Harmonized standard for Mobile Earth Stations (MES), including portable earth stations, satellite personal communications networks (S-PCNs) operated...