GB/T 18153-2000 in English

《GB/T 18153-2000机械安全 可接触表面温度 确定热表面温度限值的工效学数据》由TC208（全国机械安全标准化技术委员会）归口，主管部门为国家标准化管理委员会。
本标准规定了人类工效学数据及其在确定热表面温度限值和评价烧伤风险时的应用。本标准的数据适用于相对人体皮肤有较高热容量的物体表面。本标准不适用于大面积皮肤(大约占全身皮肤的10%或更多）和热表面接触的情况。本标准也不适用于头部１0%以上皮肤的接触，或导致面部重要部位烧伤的接触。

1 Scope

This standard establishes ergonomics data and their use in establishing temperature limit values for hot surfaces and in the assessment of the risks of burning.
This standard is applicable within the field of application of the GB/T 15706 to hot surfaces of machinery that are or may be touched during normal use.
This standard provides data concerning circumstances under which contact between bare skin and hot surface does or may lead to burns. These data allow the assessment of risks of burning.
This standard also provides data to be used to establish temperature limit values for hot surfaces to protect against skin burns. These data can be used in the development of standards for specific machinery where as a result of a risk assessment temperature limits are required
The data of this standard are applicable to surfaces of objects with relatively high thermal capacity compared with that of the skin of the human body.
This standard is not applicable if a large area of the skin (approximately 10% or more of the skin of the whole body) can be in contact with the hot surface.
This standard is also not applicable to skin contact of more than 10% of the head or contact which could result in burns of vital areas of the face.
Notes:
1. In some cases, the results of contact with a hot surface may be more serious for the individual, for example:
a) burns resulting in the restriction of airways;
b) a large burn (more than 10% of the whole body surface) may impair the circulation by fluid loss;
c) heating of a large proportion of the head or whole body may lead to unacceptable heat strain even in the absence of burning.
This standard is applicable to the healthy skin of adults.
This standard does not provide data for protection against pain.
2. If the burn thresholds specified in this standard are not exceeded, there is normally no risk of burning, while the skin comes in contact with the hot surface, but pain may occur. If there is also a need for protection against pain, surface temperature values should be taken from other suitable sources.

2 Normative References

The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to (excluding amending errors in the text), or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, all parties coming to an agreement according to this standard are encouraged to study whether the latest edition of the normative document is applicable. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document applies.
GB/T 15706.1-1995 Safety of machinery - Basic Concept, General Principles for Design - Part 1: Basic Terminology, Methodology
GB/T 15706.2-1995 Safety of Machinery - Basic Concepts, General Principles for Design - Part 2: Technical Principles and Specifications
GB/T 16856-1997 Safety of Machinery - Principles for Risk Assessment

3 Definitions

Foreword I
EN Foreword II
0 Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative References
3 Definitions
4 Burn Thresholds
5 Application
6 Interpretation and Conclusion
Appendix A (Normative) Examples of Contact Periods
Appendix B (Informative) Protective Measures
Appendix C (Informative) Application Examples of the Standard
Appendix D (Informative) Thermal Properties of Selected Material