Transformer DC test steps

Transformer DC test steps, Total:196 items.

The international standard classification for "Transformer DC test steps" includes: Transformers. Reactors , Measurement of electrical and magnetic quantities , Rectifiers. Convertors. Stabilized power supply , Linear and angular measurements , Integrated circuits. Microelectronics , Nuclear energy engineering , Aerospace electric equipment and systems , Other mining equipment .

The Chinese standard classification for "Transformer DC test steps" includes: Transformer , Digital display instrument , Power semiconductor device and parts , Flow capacity and material level instrument , Film integrated circuit , Nuclear instrument and detector in general , Electronic components , Mechanical quantity instrument, automatic weighing equipment and other measuring instrument , Telecommunication power supply equipment , Electromagnetic Measurement , Coal mine special equipment .

General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China

GB/T 7677-1987 Semiconductor direct d. c. convertors
GB/T 20838-2007 Specification and technical requirements of oil-immersed convertor transformers for HVDC applications
GB/T 18494.1-2001 Convertor transformers - Part 1: transformers for industrial applications
GB/T 43534-2023 Design and testing methods for AC side impedance of voltage source converter based high voltage direct current（VSC-HVDC） transmission
GB/T 3859.4-2004 Semiconductor converter - Self-commutated semiconductor converters including direct d.c.converters
GB/T 18494.1-2014 Converter transformers―Part 1:Transformers for industrial applications
GB/T 18494.2-2007 Convertor transformers—Part 2:Transformers for HVDC applications
GB/T 28857-2012 Direct-current linear variable differential transformer (DC-DC LVDT)displacement transducers
GB/T 10261-1988 Test procedures for stabilized d.c high/low voltage power for nuclear instruments
GB/T 43041-2023 Hybrid integrated circuits—DC/DC converter
GB/T 25082-2010 Specification and technical requirements of oil-immersed-convertor transformers for 800 kV DC applications
GB/T 14913-1994 Digital electronic d.c.voltmeters and d.c.electronic analogue-to-digital convertors

国家市场监督管理总局、中国国家标准化管理委员会

GB/T 1094.23-2019 Power transformers -- Part 23: DC magnetic bias suppression devices
GB/T 18494.2-2022 Convertor transformers—Part 2: Transformers for HVDC applications
GB/T 37011-2018 Technical specification of transformers for VSC--HVDC applications

Professional Standard - Electricity

DL/T 1243-2013 Guidance for On-site Partial Dischargetest for Convert Transformers
DL/T 1999-2019 Method of on-site DC partial discharge test for converter transformer
DL/T 1945-2018 Specification of standard interface for HVDC transformer
DL/T 252-2012 General specifications for HVDC converter transormer protection equipment
DL/T 2225-2021 Guide for DC demagnetization test on power transformers
DL/T 1799-2018 The method of ability to withstand DC bias test for power transformers
DL/T 2503-2022 Guidelines for DC bias magnetic testing of transformers under single-pole geodetic loop operation mode of DC transmission systems
DL/T 5043-2010 Content profundity guide for preliminary designing HVDC converter station
DL/T 1541-2016 Specification of Neutral Point DC Limit (Separated) Flow Device of Power Transformer
DL/T 2043-2019 Technical specification for ±1100kV UHVDC converter transformers
DL/T 2184-2020 Test guide for transient behaviour of DC voltage transformers for DC transmission system

Group Standards of the People's Republic of China

T/CEC 375-2020 Test procedures for flexible direct current mechanical high voltage direct current circuit breakers
T/CSEE 0213-2021 Test methods for low-voltage three-level AC/DC, DC/DC bidirectional converters
T/CEC 325-2020 Guidelines for testing power electronic transformers for AC and DC distribution networks
T/CSEE 0066-2017 Connecting Transformer for Flexible DC Transmission
T/JSEE 007-2018 Calibration specification for DC demagnetizing tester on power transformer
T/CES 071-2021 DC/DC converter of low voltage DC distribution network
T/CEC 226-2019 Test method for DC/DC converter of DC distribution grid
T/CEC 374-2020 Test procedures for flexible DC negative pressure coupled high-voltage DC circuit breakers
T/CSEE 0121-2019 General technical specification for neutral point DC current isolation device of capacitive transformer
T/SMA 0025-2022 Guideline for multi parameters monitoring and the evaluation of transformers DC magnetic bias

Professional Standard - Aerospace

QJ 2954-1997 Verification Regulation of DC Converter

Professional Standard - Machinery

JB/T 8636-1997 Power Convertor Transformers
JB/T 9258-1999 Direct-current linear variable differential transformer(DC-DC LVDT) displacement transducers

Professional Standard - Energy

NB/T 42021-2013 Dry-type Convertor Transformers Used for High Voltage Variable Frequency Govern
NB/T 11207-2023 Technical specification for low voltage DC household energy router

Professional Standard - Post and Telecommunication

YD/T 732-1994 DC- Test method for DC converter for telecommunication

National Metrological Technical Specifications of the People's Republic of China

JJF 1047-1994 Calibration Specification for Magnetic Coupling Measuring Transducer of DC Current

未注明发布机构

IEC 62927:2023 Voltage sourced converter (VSC) valves for static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) - Electrical testing
IEC 62751-2:2023 Determination of power losses in voltage sourced converter (VSC) valves for high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems - Part 2: Modular multilevel converters

National Metrological Verification Regulations of the People's Republic of China

JJG 126-1995 Verification Regulation of Measuring Transducers for Converting A.c.Electrical Quantities Into D.c.Electrical Quantities
JJG 1007-2005 Verification Regulation of DC High Voltage Dividers

Professional Standard - Coal

MT/T 863-2000 Direct current power supply converter for coal mine

国家能源局

NB/T 42160-2018 Specification for three-level bi- directional DC/DC converters

国家广播电视总局

GY/T 326-2019 Specifications of PLUGE test signals and alignment procedures for setting of brightness and contrast of monitors

International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)

IEC 61378-2:2001 Convertor transformers - Part 2: Transformers for HVDC applications
IEC 62927:2017 Voltage sourced converter (VSC) valves for static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) - Electrical testing
IEC/IEEE 60076-57-129-2017 Power transformers - Part 57-129: Transformers for HVDC applications
IEC/IEEE 60076-57-129:2017 Power transformers - Part 57-129: Transformers for HVDC applications
IEC 60146-2:1999 Semiconductor converters - Part 2: Self-commutated semiconductor converters including direct d.c. converters
IEC 61378-1:1997 Convertor transformers - Part 1: Transformers for industrial applications
IEC 61803:1999 Determination of power losses in high-voltage direct current (HVDC) converter stations
IEC 61803:1999/COR1:1999 Determination of power losses in high-voltage direct current (HVDC) converter stations
IEC TR 62543:2011/AMD1:2013 Amendment 1 - High-voltage direct current (HVDC) power transmission using voltage sourced converters (VSC)
IEC 60411-4:1986 Power convertors for electric traction. Part 4 : Direct d.c. convertors (d.c. chopper convertors) for rollingstock
IEC 60071-5:2014 Insulation co-ordination - Part 5: Procedures for high-voltage direct current (HVDC) converter stations
IEC TS 60071-5:2002 Insulation co-ordination - Part 5: Procedures for high-voltage direct current (HVDC) converter stations
IEC 62751-2:2014 Determination of power losses in voltage sourced converter (VSC) valves for high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems - Part 2: Modular multilevel converters
IEC 62927:2017+AMD1:2023 CSV Voltage sourced converter (VSC) valves for static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) - Electrical testing
IEC 61869-14:2018 Instrument transformers - Part 14: Additional requirements for current transformers for DC applications
IEC TS 60076-23:2018 Power transformers - Part 23: DC magnetic bias suppression devices
IEC 62501:2014 Voltage sourced converter (VSC) valves for high-voltage direct current (HVDC) power transmission - Electrical testing

Indonesia Standards

SNI 12-4265-1996 Temperature shock test method for enamel ware
SNI 09-0120-1995 Gasoline combustion engine for motor vechicles, Performance test
SNI 04-1920-1990 Current transformers

Korean Agency for Technology and Standards (KATS)

KS C IEC 61378-2-2002(2017) Convertor transformers－Part 2：Transformers for HVDC applications
KS C IEC 62927:2019 Voltage sourced converter (VSC) valves for static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) — Electrical testing
KS C IEC 60076-57-129:2021 Power transformers —Part 57-129: Transformers for HVDC applications
KS C 1708-2005 Electrical measuring transducers for converting A.C.electrical quantities into D.C. electrical quantities
KS C 1708-1993 Electrical measuring transducers for converting A.C.electrical quantities into D.C. electrical quantities
KS C IEC 60146-2-2002(2017) Semiconductor converters－Part 2：Self-commutated converters including direct d.c. converters
KS A IEC 61070:2003 Compliance test procedures for steady-state availability
KS C IEC 60146-2:2002 Semiconductor converters－Part 2：Self-commutated converters including direct d.c. converters
KS B ISO 17063:2005 Earth-moving machinery-Braking systems of pedestrian-controlled machines-Performance requirements and test procedures
KS B ISO 17063:2015 Earth-moving machinery — Braking systems of pedestriancontrolled machines — Performance requirements and test
KS I ISO 7235:2014 Acoustics — Laboratory measurement procedures for ducted silencers and air-terminal units — Insertion loss, flow noise and total pressure loss
KS C IEC 60427-2002(2012) Synthetic testing of high－voltage alternating current circuit－breakers
KS I ISO 7235:2004 Measurement procedures for ducted silencers-Insertion loss, flow noise and total pressure loss
KS C 4290-2007 A.C. inverter for low voltage adjustable frequency
KS C 0272-1995 Electromagnetic compatibility-Testing and measurement techniques-Voltage dips,short interruptions and voltage variations immunity

SCC

BS 4941-4:1977 Specification for motor starters for voltages up to and including 1000 V a.c. and 1200 V d.c.-Reduced voltage a.c. starters, two-step auto-transformer starters
CEI EN IEC 61869-15:2019 Instrument transformers – Part 15: Additional requirements for voltage transformers for DC applications
UNE 20846-3:1994 SEMICONDUCTOR CONVERTORS. PART 3: SEMICONDUCTOR DIRECT D.C. CONVERTORS (D.C. CHOPPER-CONVERTORS).
CSA C22.2 No.223-1987 Extra-Low Voltage Direct Plug-In and Cord-Connected Transformers and Rectifiers
BS PD IEC/TS 60076-23:2018 Power transformers-DC magnetic bias suppression devices
BS 280:1928 Field rheostats for electric generators, motors, synchronous converters and balancers. (direct-current excitation)
BS IEC 60076-21:2011 Power transformers-Standard requirements, terminology, and test code for step-voltage regulators
MIL MIL-W-80191B-1987 WELDING MACHINE, ARC, DC, TRANSFORMER-RECTIFIER, CONSTANT VOLTAGE, CONSTANT CURRENT (SUPERSEDING MIL-W-80191A) (NO S/S DOCUMENT)
NEMA TR 1-2013(R2019) Transformers, Step Voltage Regulators and Reactors
IEC 60292-4:1975 Low-voltage motor starters: Part 4: Reduced voltage a.c. starters. Two-step auto-transformer starters
DANSK DS/IEC TS 60076-23:2018 Power transformers – Part 23: DC magnetic bias suppression devices
DANSK DS/EN 60044-1:2000 Instrument transformers - Part 1: Current transformers
UNE-EN 60044-1:2000 Instrument transformers. Part 1: Current transformers.
DANSK DS/EN 62501:2009 Voltage sourced converter (VSC) valves for high-voltage direct current (HVDC) power transmission - Electrical testing
CEI EN 62501/A2:2010 Voltage sourced converter (VSC) valves for high-voltage direct curent (HVDC) power transmission - Electrical testing
IEC 60411-4:1986/COR1:1987 Corrigendum 1 - Power convertors for electric traction - Part 4: Direct d.c. convertors (d.c. chopper convertors) for rolling stock
DANSK DS/EN 62501/A2:2009 Voltage sourced converter (VSC) valves for high-voltage direct current (HVDC) power transmission - Electrical testing
IEC 60411-4:1986/COR2:1988 Corrigendum 2 - Power convertors for electric traction - Part 4: Direct d.c. convertors (d.c. chopper convertors) for rolling stock
CEI EN 62501:2010 Voltage sourced converter (VSC) valves for high-voltage direct curent (HVDC) power transmission - Electrical testing
MIL MIL-W-80062C-1985 WELDING MACHINE, ARC, DC, TRANSFORMER-RECTIFIER, ADJUSTABLE CONSTANT VOLTAGE (SUPERSEDING MIL-W-80062B) (NO S/S DOCUMENT)

United States Navy

NAVY DOD-STD-2106-1986 DEVELOPMENT OF SHIPBOARD INDUSTRIAL TEST PROCEDURES

International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

ISO 7235:1991 Acoustics; measurement procedures for ducted silencers; insertion loss, flow noise and total pressure loss
ISO 17063:2003 Earth-moving machinery - Braking systems of pedestrian-controlled machines - Performance requirements and test procedures
ISO 7235:2003 Acoustics - Laboratory measurement procedures for ducted silencers and air-terminal units - Insertion loss, flow noise and total pressure loss

GSO

GSO IEC 61378-2:2014 Convertor transformers - Part 2: Transformers for HVDC applications
GSO ISO 4008-3:2013 Road vehicles -- Fuel injection pump testing -- Part 3: Application and test procedures
GSO IEC TS 60076-23:2021 Power transformers - Part 23: DC magnetic bias suppression devices

KR-KS

KS C IEC 62927-2019 Voltage sourced converter (VSC) valves for static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) — Electrical testing
KS C IEC 60076-57-129-2021 Power transformers —Part 57-129: Transformers for HVDC applications

Association Francaise de Normalisation

NF C52-378-2*NF EN 61378-2:2001 Convertor transformers - Part 2 : transformers for HVDC applications.
NF C53-221*NF EN 60146-2:2002 Semiconductor converters - Part 2 : self-commutated semiconductor converters including direct d.c. converters
NF C53-243/A1*NF EN 61803/A1:2011 Determination of power losses in high-voltage direct current (HVDC) converter stations with line-commutated converters.
NF C71-241:1993 D.C. or A.C. supplied electronic step-down convertors for filament lamps. Performance, requirements.
NF EN 62501:2009 Voltage Source Converter (VSC) Valves for High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Power Transmission - Electrical Testing
NF EN 62501/A1:2015 Voltage Source Converter (VSC) Valves for High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Power Transmission - Electrical Testing
NF EN 62501/A2:2017 Voltage Source Converter (VSC) Valves for High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Power Transmission - Electrical Testing

Electronic Components, Assemblies and Materials Association

ECA EIA-364-38C-2008 TP-38C CABLE PULL-OUT TEST PROCEDURE FOR ELECTRICAL CONNECTORS
ECA EIA-364-03C-2009 TP-03C ALTITUDE IMMERSION TEST PROCEDURE FOR ELECTRICAL CONNECTORS
ECA EIA/ECA-364-110-2006 TP-110 Thermal Cycling Test Procedure for Electrical Connectors and Sockets
ECA EIA-364-41E-2010 TP-41E Cable Flexing Test Procedure for Electrical Connectors
ECA EIA/ECA-364-26B-1999 TP-26B Salt Spray Test Procedure for Electrical Connectors, Contacts and Sockets
ECA EIA/ECA-364-22B-2000 TP-22B Simulated Life Test Procedure for Electrical Connectors

IEEE - The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers@ Inc.

IEEE C57.129-2007 General Requirements and Test Code for Oil-Immersed HVDC Converter Transformers

Danish Standards Foundation

DS/EN 61000-4-29:2001 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-29: Testing and measurement techniques - Voltage dips, short interruptions and voltage variations on d.c. input power port immunity tests
DS/EN 61047:1994 D.C. or a.c.supplied electronic step-down convertors for filament lamps - Performance requirements

Standard Association of Australia （SAA）

AS 60146.2:2001 Semiconductor converters - Self-commutated semiconductor converters including direct d.c. converters
AS/NZS 61047:2001 Auxiliaries for lamps - D.C. or a.c. supplied electronic step-down convertors for filament lamps - Performance requirements
AS 1675:1986 Current transformers - Measurement and protection

BE-NBN

NBN-ISO 7235:1992 Acoustics - Measurement procedures for ducted silencers - Insertion loss, flow noise and total pressure loss
NBN-EN 61047-1993 D.C. or a.c. supplied electronic step-down convertors for filament lamps. Performance requirements

YU-JUS

JUS N.H9.102-1987 Measuring current transformers. Additional reguirements
JUS N.H9.101-1987 Current transformers. General reguirements and tests
JUS N.H4.440-1992 Power electronics. Power convertors for electric traction. Direct d.c. convertors (d.c. chopper convertors) for rolling stock

British Standards Institution (BSI)

PD IEC/TS 60076-23:2018 Power transformers. DC magnetic bias suppression devices
BS EN 61378-1:1999 Convertor transformers - Transformers for industrial applications
BS EN 61378-1:2012 Convertor transformers. Transformers for industrial applications
BS EN 61378-1:2011 Convertor transformers. Transformers for industrial applications
BS EN 60044-8:2002 Instrument transformers - Electronic current transformers
BS EN 62751-2:2014 Power losses in voltage sourced converter (VSC) valves for high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems. Modular multilevel converters
BS EN 61300-2-27:1997 Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components - Basic test and measurement procedures - Tests - Dust - Laminar flow
BS EN 61803:1999+A1:2010 Determination of power losses in high-voltage direct current (HVDC) converter stations with line-commutated converters
BS IEC 60076-21:2018 Power transformers. Standard requirements, terminology, and test code for step-voltage regulators
BS EN IEC 61803:2020 Determination of power losses in high-voltage direct current (HVDC) converter stations with line-commutated converters
BS EN 61300-2-17:2003 Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components - Basic test and measurement procedures - Tests - Cold
BS EN 61300-2-1:2003 Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components - Basic test and measurement procedures - Tests - Tests - Vibration (sinusoidal)
BS EN 61300-2-1:2010 Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components. Basic test and measurement procedures. Tests. Vibration (sinusoidal)

National Electrical Manufacturers Association（NEMA)

NEMA TR 1-2013 Transformers, Step Voltage Regulators and Reactors

American National Standards Institute （ANSI)

ANSI/EIA 364-28F:2011 Vibration Test Procedure for Electrical Connectors and Sockets
ANSI/IEEE C57.13.1:2006 Field Testing of Relaying Current Transformers
ANSI/IEEE C57.13.1:1981 Field Testing of Relaying Current Transformers
ANSI/EIA 364-13E:2011 Mating and Unmating Force Test Procedure for Electrical Connectors and Sockets

Defense Logistics Agency

DLA MIL-W-80134 A-1975 WELDING MACHINES, ARC, DC TRANSFORMER-RECTIFIER, CONSTANT CURRENT, RESISTOR CONTROLLED

European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization（CENELEC）

EN 60146-2:2000 Semiconductors convertors Part 2: Self-commutated semiconductor converters including direct d.c. converters
EN 61378-1:2011 Convertor transformers - Part 1: Transformers for industrial applications

VDE - VDE Verlag GmbH@ Berlin@ Germany

VDE 0847-4-29-2001 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-29: Testing and measurement techniques; Voltage dips@ short interruptions and voltage variations on d.c. input power port immunity tests (IEC 61000-4-29:2000); German version EN 61000-4-29:2000

ZA-SANS

SANS 61378-1:1997 Convertor transformers Part 1: Transformers for industrial applications
SANS 60146-2:1999 Semiconductor converters Part 2: Self-commutated semiconductor converters including direct d.c. converters

U.S. Military Regulations and Norms

ARMY MIL-D-63144 A-1981 DC TO DC INVERTER, ELECTRONIC TIMER MODULE
ARMY MIL-D-63144 A VALID NOTICE 1-1988 DC TO DC INVERTER, ELECTRONIC TIMER MODULE
ARMY MIL-D-63144 A (1)-1982 DC TO DC INVERTER, ELECTRONIC TIMER MODULE
ARMY MIL-D-63144 A NOTICE 2-1996 DC TO DC INVERTER, ELECTRONIC TIMER MODULE

CL-INN

INDITECNOR 20-50 Petroleum and Similar Products: Distillation Test (Procedure)

Lithuanian Standards Office

LST EN 61000-4-29-2003 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC). Part 4-29: Testing and measurement techniques. Voltage dips, short interruptions and voltage variations on d.c. input power port immunity tests (IEC 61000-4-29:2000)

German Institute for Standardization

DIN EN 60146-2:2001 Semiconductor convertors - Part 2: Self-commutated semiconductor convertors including direct d.c. convertors (IEC 60146-2:1999); German version EN 60146-2:2000
DIN EN 61378-2:2001 Convertor transformers - Part 2: Transformers for HVDC applications (IEC 61378-2:2001); German version EN 61378-2:2001

Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE)

SAE AS20708/21-1999 Synchro, Control Transformer, Type 15CT6D
SAE AS20708/79A-2011 Synchro, Control Transformer, type 26V-08CT4C
SAE AS20708/29A-2011 Synchro, Control Transformer, Type 18CT4C
SAE AS20708/1A-2011 Synchro, Control Transformer, Type 11CT4E

(U.S.) Joint Electron Device Engineering Council Soild State Technology Association

JEDEC EIA-365-1969 Performance Test Procedure for Solar Cells and Calibration Procedure for Solar Cell Standards for Space Vehicle Service

HU-MSZT

MNOSZ 8398-1956 Metallic paper for DC generator and transformer insulation

CH-SNV

SNV 27510.2-1951 DC Arc Welding Generators and Transformers Rules

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)

IEEE Std C57.12.59/COR-2006 Errata to IEEE Guide for Dry-Type Transformer Through-Fault Current Duration
IEEE Std C57.12.59-1989 Guide for dry-type transformer through-fault current duration
IEEE P2892/D5, February 2024 IEEE Draft Recommended Practice for Medium Voltage (1.5 kV to 35 kV) Direct Current (DC) Transformers
IEEE PC57.32.10/D6.1, April 2024 IEEE Draft Guide for the Selection of Neutral-Grounding Devices for High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Converter Transformers

TR-TSE

TS 620-1978 CURRENT TRANSFORMERS

Japanese Industrial Standards Committee (JISC)

JIS C 1731-1:1998 Instrument transformers for testing purpose and used with general instrument Part 1: Current transformers

CZ-CSN

CSN 35 1170-1983 Rectifier transformers
CSN 35 1301-1997 Current transformers

AR-IRAM

IRAM 2104-1950 Transformers for current conduction and shunting and regulating transformers
IRAM OFICIAL 2106-1958 Transformers for current conduction and shunting and regulating transformers

RO-ASRO

SR CEI 185-1990 Current transformers

PL-PKN

PN T04570-1974 Electronic transformers and choke coils Methods of electrical testing

CENELEC - European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization

EN 61378-1:1998 Convertor Transformers Part 1: Transformers for Industrial Applications

U.S. Air Force

AIR FORCE MIL-T-27252 A-1979 TEST SET, SYNCHRO, TTU-73/E DC SELSYN, AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENTS

European Committee for Standardization (CEN)

EN ISO 7235:2003 Acoustics Laboratory measurement procedures for ducted silencers and air-terminal units Insertion loss, flow noise and total pressure loss ISO 7235:2003

Canadian Standards Association (CSA)

CSA C380-08 UPD 2-2008 Test procedure for the measurement of energy consumption of set-top boxes (STBs) First Edition

ES-UNE

UNE-EN 62501:2009/A1:2014 Voltage sourced converter (VSC) valves for high-voltage direct current (HVDC) power transmission - Electrical testing (Endorsed by AENOR in November of 2014.)
UNE-EN 62501:2009 Voltage sourced converter (VSC) valves for high-voltage direct curent (HVDC) power transmission - Electrical testing (Endorsed by AENOR in December of 2009.)
UNE 217002:2020 Grid connected inverters. Testing of requirements for DC grid injection, overvoltage generation and island operation detection system

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